Analysis of the landslide movement characteristics in Biyi village, Ganluo county, Sichuan province, through SPH numerical simulation
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摘要: 四川甘洛县比依市村受连续强降雨影响下形成滑坡灾害，造成大量财产损失。本文以该滑坡为例，通过工程地质条件探究了比依市村滑坡产生的原因，采用光滑粒子流体动力学（Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics，SPH）方法对滑坡全过程进行真三维数值模拟，对滑坡关键位置进行位移、速度监测，结果表明：（1）不良地质，长历时、高强度的持续降雨是滑坡的主要诱发因素；（2）SPH方法得到的位移、速度等运动特征参数与实际勘察效果基本一致，具有较好的可靠性；（3）该滑坡是由于滑坡后缘推动滑坡中部导致滑坡整体下错，前缘受阻形成鼓胀区，最终滑坡破坏模式表现为推移式破坏；（4）比依市村滑坡仍处于蠕变阶段，利用SPH模拟大变形的优势可以为此类灾害的机理研究和工程防治提供新的研究思路。Abstract: Due to continuous heavy rainfall, landslides were triggered in Biyi Village, Ganluo County, Sichuan Province, resulting in significant property losses. This paper explores the causes of the landslide in Biyi Village by analyzing the local engineering geological conditions, and conducts a true three-dimensional numerical simulations of the entire landslide process using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Displacement and velocity monitoring were performed at key positions of the landslide. The results indicate that: (1) unfavorable geological conditions and long-duration, high-intensity continuous rainfall were the main triggering factors of the landslide; (2) the SPH method obtained displacement, velocity, and other motion-related parameters that closely aligned with the actual survey results, demonstrating its good reliability and accuracy; (3) the landslide was caused by the sliding of the rear edge of the landslide, pushing the middle part of the landslide, resulting in overall downward movement and blockage at the front edge, ultimately leading to the formation of a bulging zone. The final landslide failure mode was characterized as a translational slide; (4) the Biyi Village landslide is still in the creep stage. Utilizing the capabilities of the SPH method in simulating large deformations opens up new avenues for research in understanding the mechanisms and engineering strategies for the prevention of similar disasters.
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图 2 滑坡区浅缓槽谷地貌（仰视）
Figure 2. Shallow Valley Morphology trough landform in landslide area (upward view)
图 4 比依市村滑坡全貌与局部特征
Figure 4. Overview and Local Features of the landslide in Biyi village
图 5 比依市村滑坡2-2’断面图
Figure 5. Cross-Sectional Diagram of the Landslide at Biyi Village （Section 2-2'）
图 7 比依市村滑坡数值模拟结果
Figure 7. Numerical simulation results of the village landslide in Biyi City
图 8 比依市村滑坡动能-时间曲线
Figure 8. Kinetic energy - time curve of the village landslide in Biyi city
图 9 比依市村滑坡最终状态竖直位移图
Figure 9. Vertical displacement diagram of Biyi village landslide in final state
表 1 岩土体参数
Table 1. Rock and soil mass parameters
名称 密度
（kg/m3）弹性模量（MPa） 泊松比 粘聚力
（kPa）内摩擦角
（°）滑床 1846 20000 0.25 26 28 滑体 1846 80 0.35 14 18 滑带 - - - 7.51 10.74 
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