ISSN 1003-8035 CN 11-2852/P

    孔洞双参数耦合下灰岩力学强度响应规律与破坏模式

    Mechanical response and failure modes of limestone under the coupled effects of pore number and aperture

    • 摘要: 为揭示岩溶斜坡中溶蚀孔洞对灰岩力学特性的影响,采用单轴压缩试验结合数字图像相关(DIC, digital image correlation)技术,系统研究了孔洞数量(1~4个)和孔径(6~18 mm)耦合作用下灰岩的力学响应、强度衰减及破坏模式。结果表明:(1)峰值强度、弹性模量和峰值应变随孔洞数量或孔径增加而显著降低,峰值强度降幅最高达62.55%,各力学参数与孔洞参数呈负线性或指数相关;通过三维非线性曲面拟合,建立了各力学参数的衰减模型,精确揭示了孔洞参数的耦合衰减效应。(2)破坏裂纹依次表现为圆孔上下方的拉伸裂纹、侧向的压剪裂纹及远端的远场裂纹;随着孔洞参数增大,拉伸和压剪裂纹主导作用增强,而远场裂纹贡献减弱。(3)DIC分析揭示应变场演化规律:初始压密阶段应变均匀,弹性阶段孔洞周边出现应变局部化,裂纹扩展阶段张拉裂纹受孔洞周围应力集中控制,破坏阶段形成贯通孔洞的张拉破坏或对角剪切破坏。研究构建的孔洞岩石损伤本构模型及裂纹扩展判据,为岩溶区工程岩体稳定性评价与地质灾害防控提供理论依据。

       

      Abstract: To reveal the influence of dissolution pores on the mechanical properties of limestone in karst slopes, uniaxial compression tests combined with digital image correlation (DIC) were conducted to systematically investigate the coupled effects of pore number (1~4) and aperture (6~18 mm) on the mechanical response, strength degradation, and failure modes of limestone. The results show that: (1) peak strength, elastic modulus, and peak strain decrease significantly as pore number or aperture increases. The maximum reduction in peak strength reaches 62.55%, and the mechanical parameters show negative linear or exponential correlations with pore parameters. Three-dimensional nonlinear surface fitting was used to establish attenuation models for the mechanical parameters, accurately revealing the coupled attenuation effect of pore number and aperture. (2) Failure cracks appear successively as tensile cracks above and below the circular holes, lateral compression-shear cracks, and far-field cracks. With increasing pore parameters, tensile and compression-shear cracks become increasingly dominant, whereas the contribution of far-field cracks weakens. (3) DIC analysis reveals the strain-field evolution: strain is uniform during initial compaction; strain localization appears around the pores in the elastic stage; tensile cracking during crack propagation is controlled by stress concentration around the pores; and penetrating tensile failure or diagonal shear failure develops in the failure stage. The pore-rock damage constitutive model and crack-propagation criteria established in this study provide a theoretical basis for engineering rock-mass stability evaluation and geological-hazard prevention in karst areas.

       

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