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基于斜坡单元灾害强度的滑坡灾害易损性评价以湖南省湘乡市为例

陈宾, 魏娜, 张联志, 李颖懿, 刘宁, 屈添强

陈宾,魏娜,张联志,等. 基于斜坡单元灾害强度的滑坡灾害易损性评价−以湖南省湘乡市为例[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2024,35(2): 137-145. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202211901
引用本文: 陈宾,魏娜,张联志,等. 基于斜坡单元灾害强度的滑坡灾害易损性评价−以湖南省湘乡市为例[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2024,35(2): 137-145. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202211901
CHEN Bin,WEI Na,ZHANG Lianzhi,et al. Vulnerability assessment of landslide hazards based on hazard intensity at slope level: A case study in Xiangxiang County of Hunan[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2024,35(2): 137-145. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202211901
Citation: CHEN Bin,WEI Na,ZHANG Lianzhi,et al. Vulnerability assessment of landslide hazards based on hazard intensity at slope level: A case study in Xiangxiang County of Hunan[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2024,35(2): 137-145. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202211901

基于斜坡单元灾害强度的滑坡灾害易损性评价——以湖南省湘乡市为例

基金项目: 湖南省创新性省份建设专项(2019RS1059);国家自然科学基金项目(51774131;41972282)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈 宾(1977—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事地质灾害防治方面的研究工作。E-mail:403021235@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    张联志(1988—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事水工环地质工作。E-mail:2149859375@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: P642.22

Vulnerability assessment of landslide hazards based on hazard intensity at slope level: A case study in Xiangxiang County of Hunan

  • 摘要:

    以斜坡为单元,基于潜在灾害强度的区域性易损性评价是地质灾害防治亟待解决的重要问题之一。以湖南省湘乡市为研究区,在采用加权信息量方法进行易发性区划的基础上,逐个提取斜坡单元最高易发值点的高程、坡高、坡度、坡向、月平均降雨量为特征参数,分别代入BP神经网络、PSO-BP神经网络、随机森林及支持向量机模型。通过训练与精度测试对比,构建基于PSO优化BP神经网络算法的滑坡体积预测模型,建立以灾害体积为灾害强度指标,以建筑密度、人口密度、财产密度等为脆弱性指标的易损性综合评价模型。针对研究区开展基于潜在灾害强度的区域性易损性评价,完成高易损区(面积占比1.5%)、中易损区(面积占比28.5%)和低易损区(面积占比70%)的区划,实现了区域性易损性评价过程中致灾体灾害强度与承灾体脆弱性的有机结合,增强了评价的客观性和科学性。

    Abstract:

    Taking a slope as a unit, the regional vulnerability assessment based on potential disaster intensity is one of the important problems to be solved urgently. In this paper, the city of Xiangxiang in Hunan is selected as the research area. On the basis of susceptibility regionalization with the weighted information value method, the elevation, slope height, slope, slope direction and monthly average rainfall of the highest prone points of slope units are extract one by one as the characteristic parameters, which are put into the BP neural network, PSO-BP neural network, random forest and support vector machine model, respectively. A landslide volume prediction model based on BP neural network algorithm optimized by PSO is constructed through training and precision test comparison. A comprehensive vulnerability evaluation model is established with disaster volume as disaster intensity index and building density, population density and property density as vulnerability indexes. Regional vulnerability evaluation based on potential disaster intensity is carried out for the study area. The divisions of high-vulnerable areas (1.5% of the total area), medium-vulnerable areas (28.5% of the total area) and low-vulnerable areas (70% of the total area) are completed, which realize the organic combination of the disaster intensity of the disaster-causing body and the vulnerability of the disaster-bearing body in the process of regional vulnerability evaluation, and enhance the objectivity and scientific nature of the evaluation.

  • •特别致谢•

    2020年,54位审稿专家付出很多时间和精力为本刊审读稿件,为提高期刊学术质量做出了重要贡献。编辑部全体成员对所有参与审稿的专家表示最衷心的感谢!

    表  1  2020年度《中国地质灾害与防治学报》审稿专家
    (按姓氏笔画为序)
    姓名 单位 姓名 单位
    马凤山 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 张永双 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所
    王 清 吉林大学 张永波 太原理工大学
    王文沛 中国地质环境监测院 张志龙 中国矿业大学(北京)
    王贤能 深圳市工勘岩土集团有限公司 张鸣之 中国地质环境监测院
    王树仁 河南理工大学 陈红旗 中国地质环境监测院
    王桂杰 中国地质环境监测院 陈昌彦 北京市勘察设计研究院有限公司
    王雁林 陕西省国土资源厅地质环境处 陈洪凯 枣庄学院
    牛瑞卿 中国地质大学(武汉) 佴 磊 吉林大学
    齐 干 中国地质环境监测院 赵文祎 中国地质环境监测院
    邢爱国 上海交通大学 赵鲁强 中国气象局公共气象服务中心
    朱赛楠 中国地质环境监测院 胡凯衡 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所
    乔建平 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 胡卸文 西南交通大学
    向喜琼 贵州大学 胡新丽 中国地质大学(武汉)
    刘东升 重庆市地质矿产勘查开发局 姜月华 中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心
    刘希林 中山大学 夏元友 武汉理工大学
    闫金凯 中国地质科学院 钱江澎 四川省地质工程勘察院
    江 耀 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 徐则民 昆明理工大学
    许国辉 中国海洋大学 唐辉明 中国地质大学(武汉)
    孙文洁 中国矿业大学(北京) 黄波林 三峡大学
    孙亚军 中国矿业大学 曹修定 中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心
    孙红福 中国矿业大学(北京) 龚士良 中国地质调查局地面沉降研究中心
    李 忠 防灾科技学院 韩 冰 中国地质环境监测院
    李树志 中煤科工集团唐山研究院有限公司 喻孟良 中国地质环境监测院
    肖锐华 中国地质环境监测院 程国明 中国地质环境监测院
    何发亮 中铁西南科学研究院有限公司 温铭生 中华人民共和国应急管理部
    余志山 甘肃省地质环境监测院 谭维贤 内蒙古工业大学
    邹正盛 河南理工大学 魏云杰 中国地质环境监测院
    下载: 导出CSV 
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    第八届《中国地质灾害与防治学报》优秀论文评选结果

    为了鼓励广大作者撰写高质量的科技论文, 推动我国地质灾害防治工程行业的学术交流, 提升和扩大《中国地质灾害与防治学报》的办刊质量与影响力, 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》编辑部从2013年起开展优秀论文评选活动。

    评选活动遵守客观公正, 严格筛选, 优中选优的原则。 由责任编辑提出推荐名单, 并参考一年中论文的被引频次、下载次数和影响程度, 经编辑部认真初评和复评, 按得票高低评选出优秀论文。

    2019年《中国地质灾害与防治学报》发表论文112篇, 从中评选出第八届《中国地质灾害与防治学报》优秀论文20篇。希望获奖作者再接再厉, 开拓创新, 为推动我国地质灾害防治工程学科的发展继续努力!

    表  2  第八届《中国地质灾害与防治学报》优秀论文名单(2019年发表)
    题目 作者 期刊
    中国西藏金沙江白格滑坡灾害研究 王立朝,温铭生,冯振,孙炜锋,魏云杰,
    李俊峰,王文沛
    第一期
    库水位波动及降雨作用下巫峡干井子滑坡流-固耦合特征及稳定性分析 梁鑫,殷坤龙,陈丽霞,康璇,杨永刚,张亮 第一期
    汉江孤山航电枢纽工程区近坝滑坡稳定性分析及防治工程建议 王启国 第一期
    基于不同因子分级法的滑坡易发性评价——以湖北远安县为例 闫举生,谭建民 第一期
    基于函数赋值模型与模糊综合评判法的单沟泥石流危险性评价 尚慧,王明轩,罗东海,冯皎,王爱军,薛跃明 第一期
    地质灾害无人机调查数据管理云平台建设 马娟,张鸣之,韩冰,黄喆,石爱军 第一期
    高分二号卫星数据在地质灾害调查中的应用——以重庆万州区为例 董文,潘建平,阳振宇,夏鑫,张定凯,
    向淇文,曹建虎,廖振环
    第一期
    邻近输电塔路堑边坡失稳风险定量评估及加固工程设计优化 林阿娜,王浩,颜斌,戴旭明,胡燮,赵小盘,王晨 第二期
    单体危岩崩塌灾害危险性评价——以贵州威宁县新发乡樊家岩为例 武中鹏,刘宏,董秀群,邓凯伦 第二期
    降雨和库水联合作用下边坡稳定性变化规律 徐翔,王义兴,方正 第二期
    秦望山隧道南口高陡岩质边坡稳定性分析及治理效果评价 郝社锋,蒋波,喻永祥,宋京雷,徐昊,孙少锐 第二期
    黄土湿陷系数影响因素的相关性分析 朱凤基,南静静,魏颖琪,白兰 第二期
    地质灾害防治标准化建设的思考 刘传正 第三期
    重庆甑子岩崩塌落石动力学特征及危险性分区 孙敬辉,石豫川 第三期
    基于离散元的含软弱夹层岩质边坡滑移机理分析 范昊天,孙少锐,王亚山,张纪星,刘宝生 第三期
    广西桂林市规划中心城区岩溶发育特征及分布规律 江思义,吴福,刘庆超,李海良,吴莹莹 第三期
    降雨引发的兰州黄土滑坡时空规律分析和临界降雨量预测 朱晓霞,张力,杨树文 第四期
    湖北武汉典型地区岩溶发育特征分析 李慧娟,金小刚,涂婧,魏瑞均,李海涛,杨涛 第四期
    广西桂林市规划中心城区岩溶塌陷易发性评价 吴福,江思义,刘庆超,何源,李海良 第五期
    湖北武汉岩溶塌陷时空分布规律及其影响因素分析 涂婧,魏瑞均,杨戈欣,刘长宪,金小刚,李海涛 第六期
    下载: 导出CSV 
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  • 图  1   斜坡单元灾害强度评价流程图

    Figure  1.   Flow chart of the slope unit disaster intensity assessment

    图  2   湘乡市地质灾害易发性分区图

    Figure  2.   Zoning map of geological hazard susceptibility in the city of Xiangxiang

    图  3   各模型测试集预测误差统计曲线

    Figure  3.   Statistical curves of prediction error for each model test set

    图  4   湘乡市斜坡单元灾害强度分布图

    Figure  4.   Disaster intensity distribution map of slope units in the city of Xiangxiang

    图  5   湘乡市斜坡单元脆弱性分布图

    Figure  5.   Vulnerability distribution map of slope units in the city of Xiangxiang

    图  6   湘乡市斜坡单元易损性分区图

    Figure  6.   Vulnerability distribution map of slope units in the city of Xiangxiang

    表  1   斜坡单元易损性综合评价

    Table  1   Comprehensive evaluation of the vulnerability of slope units

    易损性等级脆弱性等级
    低脆弱性中脆弱性高脆弱性
    灾害强度
    等级
    弱灾害强度
    中灾害强度
    强灾害强度
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   研究区基础数据

    Table  2   Basic data of the study area

    名称类型精度
    遥感影像栅格0.5 m
    DEM栅格1∶10 000
    工程地质图、土地利用类型图矢量1∶50 000
    断层图、路网图矢量1∶50 000
    行政区划图矢量1∶10 000
    降雨数据数据表
    历史灾害点数据表
    GDP数据表湘乡市
    人口、建筑面积、道路、财产数据表斜坡单元
    斜坡单元面积数据表斜坡单元
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   易发性评价指标分区结果

    Table  3   Partition results of the susceptibility evaluation indicators

    评价指标二级指标区间
    高程/m32~101;101~171;171~267;267~409;>409
    坡度/(°)0~6;6~17;17~28;28~40;>40
    坡向平面;北;东北;东;东南;南;西南;西;西北
    工程地质岩组硅质岩、硅质板岩;浅变质砂岩夹板岩;板岩;砂岩、砂砾岩;碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩互层;碳酸盐岩;岩浆岩;土体;红色碎屑岩;砂岩、页岩;硅质岩、硅质页岩
    距断层距离/m<100;100~200;200~300;300~400;>400
    距道路距离/m<100;100~200;200~300;300~400;>400
    土地利用情况耕地;林地;草地;水域;城乡、工矿居民用地;未利用土地类型
    月平均降雨量/mm<100;100~150;150~200;>200
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   湘乡市地质灾害易发性分区结果

    Table  4   Results of geological hazard susceptibility zoning in the city of Xiangxiang

    易发性分区面积比例/%灾害点数量/个灾害点比例/%灾积比
    高易发8.221671.31.430
    中易发39.37524.80.100
    低易发52.5123.90.012
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   指标因子相关性分析

    Table  5   Correlation of the controlling factors

    指标因子高程坡高坡度坡向工程地质岩组距断层距离距道路距离土地利用情况月平均降雨量滑坡体积
    高程10.057−0.055−0.036−0.169−0.3580.3280.1030.0130.239
    坡高10.042−0.028−0.310−0.260−0.1990.1680.0340.333
    坡度1−0.027−0.428−0.1040.2450.051−0.133−0.205
    坡向10.0030.007−0.066−0.493−0.1230.196
    工程地质岩组10.0700.208−0.0240.0430.003
    距断层距离1−0.211−0.1020.207−0.026
    距道路距离10.2840.0220.060
    土地利用情况1−0.047−0.102
    月平均降雨量1−0.313
    滑坡体积1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   各模型预测结果精度对比

    Table  6   Comparison of prediction accuracy of each model

    测试集结果预测正确样本量/个预测错误样本量/个预测精度/%
    BP神经网络211558.33
    PSO-BP神经网络29780.56
    随机森林181850.00
    支持向量机251169.44
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7   斜坡单元灾害强度等级分区结果

    Table  7   Results of disaster intensity classification of slope units

    预测体积分区/m³灾害强度等级
    <15 000弱灾害强度
    15 000~45 000中灾害强度
    >45 000强灾害强度
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8   脆弱性评价指标组合权重结果

    Table  8   Combined weight results of vulnerability assessment indicators

    评价因子权重值
    人口密度0.3072
    建筑密度0.2160
    道路密度0.2141
    GDP密度0.1607
    财产密度0.1026
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9   斜坡单元脆弱性等级分区结果

    Table  9   Results of vulnerability classification of slope units

    脆弱性值分区脆弱性等级
    <0.0845低脆弱性
    0.0845 ~ 0.1750中脆弱性
    >0.1750高脆弱性
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  10   斜坡单元易损性统计结果

    Table  10   Statistical results of slope unit vulnerability

    易损性分区斜坡单元数量/个斜坡单元数量占比/%
    高易损区1242.6
    中易损区2 02342.7
    低易损区2 58754.7
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-11-08
  • 修回日期:  2023-04-03
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