ISSN 1003-8035 CN 11-2852/P

    云冈石窟砂岩风化速率主控因子的确定

    Determining the main controlling factors of weathering rates in Yungang Grottoes Sandstones

    • 摘要: 分析岩石风化速率的变化特征与主控因子是进行石质文物保护工作的基础工作。本文以云冈石窟砂岩为研究对象,将裂隙宽度扩展速率、石窟立柱倾斜角度变化速率、石窟洞门沉降变化速率作为表征石窟砂岩风化速率的定量指标,使用因子分析方法研究了主要环境因素(壁温、环境温度、环境湿度、气压、风速、积雨量)对石窟砂岩风化速率的影响,使用多元线性回归方法得到了影响石窟风化速率的主控因子。结果表明,对裂隙宽度扩展速率来说,夏季是环境湿度、壁温、积雨量影响最大的季节,春季是环境温度、风速影响最大的季节,主控因子是湿度;对石窟立柱风化速率来说,夏季时壁温、环境温度、环境湿度、气压、风速、积雨量的影响最大,其它季节时影响较小,主控因子是壁温;对石窟洞门风化速率来说,夏季时壁温、环境温度、环境湿度、积雨量影响最大,春季时气压、风速影响最大,主控因子是环境湿度。本文结果对砂岩风化速率分析与石窟文物保护都具有一定的参考价值。

       

      Abstract: Analyzing the weathering rates and their main environmental controlling factors is fundamental in conserving rocky relics. In this study, using the sandstones of the Yungang Grottoes as a case study, the rock weathering rates were quantitatively expressed by the expansion rates of crack widths, changes in the column inclination angles, and door settlements. Factor analysis was employed to explore the influences of environmental factors —including wall temperature, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and accumulated rainfall—on the weathering rates of these sandstones. Multivariate linear regression techniques were subsequently used to identify the main controlling factors affecting these weathering rates. It was found that ambient humidity, wall temperature, and accumulated rainfall have the greatest influences on the expansion rates of crack widths during summer, while ambient temperature and wind speed are more influential in spring, with environmental humidity as the main controlling factor. For the changes in column inclination angles, wall temperature, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and accumulated rainfall exert the greatest impacts in the summer, with smaller effects in other seasons, and wall temperature acting as the controlling factor. Regarding the change rates in door settlement, wall temperature, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, and accumulated rainfall have the most substantial effects in the summer, while air pressure and wind speed are more influential in spring, with environmental humidity again being the main controlling factor. These findings provide useful references for both the analysis of weathering rates and the conservation of the grottoes.

       

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