Abstract: Coalfield fires triggered by sustained intense combustion of underground coal within a certain time and space will bring uncontrollable adverse effects on the surrounding ecological environment, and accurate identification of the extent of the fire zone caused by spontaneous combustion in the coalfield is of great significance to the monitoring and management of coal fires. In order to study the current situation and dynamic evolution process of the fire area of Wugong coal mine in Fukang City, Xinjiang, we collected 6 Aster thermal infrared data since 2010, inverted the surface temperature through the split-window algorithm, respectively; used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to obtain high-resolution thermal infrared and visible data, and remotely sensed and deciphered the combustion collapse, combustion fissures, quarrying site, and gangue pile which are closely related to the combustion of coal fires and extracted the surface high temperature anomaly patches through stretching the thermal infrared data, and then analyzed and interpreted them. surface high-temperature anomaly patches, and carry out field checking. The results show that since 2010, the Wugong coal mine open pit has been increasing, and because the abandoned mining pit cannot be backfilled in time, or the backfilling is incomplete, the coal seams and coal gangue are exposed to the natural environment for a long time, and the heat keeps accumulating, leading to spontaneous combustion, which makes the number of fire zones and the scale of combustion increase, and shows an accelerated deterioration trend. As of 2023, there were 8 coalfield fire zones in Wugong Coal Mine. Among them, three are spontaneous combustion of coal gangue, four are coal seam combustion, and one is re-ignition after fire suppression and management. The combination of thermal infrared anomaly map spot extraction, remote sensing interpretation and field investigation can quickly survey the coalfield fire areas, master the dynamic evolution of fire areas, greatly reduce the workload in the field, and provide scientific basis and technical support for early warning and disaster assessment of the fire areas, environmental protection, and implementation of fire suppression projects.