Progress of the special-subjects study on the construction of comprehensive geological disaster prevention and control system in Yunnan Province
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摘要: 云南省地质灾害综合防治体系建设是国内规模最大、最广泛的地质灾害防治专项，其实施使全省地质灾害发生数量大幅减少，因灾死亡及失踪人数明显递减，防灾减灾成效显著。文章依据12项系列专题研究成果，综述了体系建设实施概况及防灾减灾成效，归纳评述了取得的主要科技成果，重点对高原地质灾害成因、规律认识、特殊岩土控灾机制、易发性分区评价、隐患综合遥感识别、自动化监测预警及信息标准体系建设进展进行了总结，成果可为云南省地质灾害综合防治提供经验借鉴。Abstract: The establishment of the comprehensive geological disaster prevention and control system in Yunnan province stands as China’s most extensive and grand-scale endeavor in safeguarding the prevention and control of geological disasters in China. Its implementation has led to a significant reduction in the occurrence of geological disasters, resulting in a substantial decrease in both casualties and missing persons affected by such disasters. This accomplishment has yielded remarkable outcomes in disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the results of 12 series monographic studies, this paper provides an overview of the implementation of the system and its disaster prevention and mitigation effects. It summarizes the main scientific and technological achievements, with a particular focus on the causes and patterns of plateau geological disasters, understanding of special rock and soil disaster control mechanisms, susceptibility zoning evaluation, comprehensive remote sensing identification of geological hazards, progress in automated monitoring and early warning, and the development of geological environment information standard system. These achievements can provide valuable insights for the comprehensive geological disaster prevention and control in Yunnan Province.
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图 1 2001—2020年云南省地质灾害发生数量统计图
Figure 1. Statistical chart of the number of geological disasters occurred in Yunnan Province from 2001 to 2020
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图 2 2001—2020年云南省地质灾害死亡及失踪人数统计图
Figure 2. Statistical chart of the number of deaths and missing persons from geological disasters in Yunnan Province from 2001 to 2020
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图 3 德钦县城重大地质灾害分布图
Figure 3. Distribution map of major geological disasters in the Deqin County Town
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图 4 倾斜摄影及三维实景建模技术流程图
Figure 4. Technical flow chart of aerial photography and 3D realistic modeling technology
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图 5 云南省地质环境信息平台框架图
Figure 5. Framework of the geological environment information platform in Yunnan Province
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图 6 绿春县城削峰填谷前后对比图
Figure 6. Before and after comparison of peak cutting and valley filling in Lvchun County Town
表 1 研究专题设置情况
Table 1 The research topic setting fact sheet
编号 专题名称 牵头单位/协作单位 1 云南高原地质环境特征与地质灾害发育规律研究 云南省地质环境监测院/昆明理工大学 2 云南高原山区地质灾害应急技术支撑体系研究 云南省地质环境监测院 3 云南高原山区崩滑流地质灾害自动化监测预警技术方法研究 云南省地质环境监测院 4 云南高原山区地质灾害隐患综合遥感识别技术研究 云南省地质环境监测院/中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心、中南大学 5 面向降雨型滑坡时空信息服务关键技术应用研究 云南省自然资源厅国土资源信息中心/云南省地质环境监测院、
中国地质大学（武汉）6 高原山区复杂环境条件地质灾害综合防治新型工程技术体系研究 云南地质工程勘察设计研究院 7 高原环境特殊岩土体地质灾害成因机制及防治工程技术研究 云南地质工程第二勘察院 8 高原岩溶场地塌陷隐患勘测识别及防治技术研究 中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院 9 云南高原深切峡谷区水利水电工程地质灾害问题及防治措施研究 云南华昆国电工程勘察有限公司/中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院、
昆明理工大学10 云南高原公路工程重大地质灾害成因机制及防治技术研究 云南省交通规划设计研究院 11 云南高原采矿沉陷区次生地质灾害隐患识别及防治对策研究 昆明煤炭设计研究院/昆明理工大学 12 云南高原地质灾害发育规律及防治技术序列研究 云南省地质调查局/云南省地质环境监测院、云南地质工程勘察设计研究院 13 《云南省地质灾害防治与地质环境保护研究论文集》选辑 云南省地质灾害研究会 
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表 2 云南省地质环境条件分区表
Table 2 Zoning of geological environmental conditions in Yunnan Province
地质环境条件等级 分区代号 分区名称 面积/km2 占全省面积/% 差 Ⅰ1 金沙江上游碎屑岩高山峡谷区 20 263.08 5.14 Ⅰ2 怒江流域中上游花岗岩变质岩高山峡谷区 18 525.07 4.70 Ⅰ3 金沙江北段碎屑岩玄武岩中山峡谷区 21 715.10 5.51 Ⅰ4 金沙江中段碎屑岩红层区 12 019.53 3.05 Ⅰ5 金沙江下游玄武岩碎屑岩深切割中山峡谷区 15 523.85 3.94 Ⅰ6 哀牢山变质岩中山峡谷区 28 561.80 7.25 较差 Ⅱ1 兰坪漾濞碎屑岩变质岩高山峡谷区 13 288.97 3.37 Ⅱ2 怒江流域中下游碎屑岩花岗岩宽谷区 31 892.84 8.09 Ⅱ3 景东镇沅变质岩深切山区 16 379.76 4.16 Ⅱ4 澜沧江中下游花岗岩中山宽谷区 22 130.89 5.61 中等 Ⅲ1 滇西花岗岩宽谷盆地区 16 133.86 4.09 Ⅲ2 丽江大理碎屑岩高原湖盆区 13 610.39 3.45 Ⅲ3 滇中碎屑岩红层高原区 25 383.59 6.44 Ⅲ4 威信镇雄碎屑岩碳酸盐岩褶皱山区 6 260.75 1.59 Ⅲ5 滇东碳酸盐岩碎屑岩山区 6 376.07 1.62 Ⅲ6 红河小江流域碳酸盐岩山区 5 474.41 1.39 Ⅲ7 富宁麻栗坡碎屑岩裂陷山区 7 404.82 1.88 Ⅲ8 澜沧江下游花岗岩变质岩宽谷区 21 476.98 5.45 较好 Ⅳ1 香格里拉松散层高原剥夷面 2 237.94 0.57 Ⅳ2 昭通鲁甸碎屑岩高原盆地区 2 544.78 0.65 Ⅳ3 滇东碳酸盐岩高原湖盆区 45 164.68 11.46 Ⅳ4 滇东南碳酸盐岩岩溶丘峰区 24 247.46 6.15 Ⅳ5 滇南碎屑岩低中山区 17 522.38 4.45 好 区域分布面积小且比较分散，不单独划区
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表 3 怒江流域北段高山峡谷区地质灾害激发雨强预警判据
Table 3 Criteria for early warning of geological disasters in the alpine valley area of the northern section of the Nujiang River Basin
预警等级 预警时效/h 预警判据/mm 崩塌 滑坡 泥石流 一级 1 6 9 20 二级 6 8 三级 4.5 5 一级 24 80 110 120 二级 60 70 90 三级 35 45 60
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