基于层次分析-模糊综合评价模型的露天矿边坡稳定性分析

李志国; 徐涛; 刘永杰; 赵立春; 徐勇超; 杨天鸿; 郑小斌

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202207001

基于层次分析-模糊综合评价模型的露天矿边坡稳定性分析

doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202207001

1.
东北大学岩石破裂与失稳研究所，沈阳　110819
2.
国家电投内蒙古公司，通辽　029200
3.
扎鲁特旗扎哈淖尔煤业有限公司，扎鲁特旗　029100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（42172312，51974062）

详细信息

作者简介:
李志国（1997－），男，山东德州人，博士研究生,从事边坡稳定性研究，E-mail: 2210413@stu.neu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
徐　涛（1975－），男，湖北随州人，教授、博士生导师，从事岩石力学研究，E-mail: xutao@mail.neu.edu.cn

中图分类号: 中图分类号: 文献标识码:
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-04
- 录用日期: 2023-10-10
- 修回日期: 2023-08-28
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-25

Slope stability analysis of open-pit mine based on analytic hierarchy process-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model

1.
Center for Rock Instability and Seismicity Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang　110819, China
2.
Tongliao Branch, State Power Investment Corporation Inner Mongolia Energy Co. Ltd, Holingol　029200 China
3.
Zhalute Banner Zhahanao’er Coal Industry Co. Ltd, Zalut Banner　029100, China

摘要

摘要: 露天煤矿台阶所构成的边坡是煤炭资源生产运输的重要依托对象，其稳定性评价对指导矿山连续生产具有重要的意义。本文在监测信息分析和边坡地质调查的基础上，充分考虑边坡几何形态、地质信息、气象水文信息、现场监测信息等多种指标信息，以层次分析法确定边坡稳定性分析的指标权重，基于隶属度最大原则确定边坡稳定性状态，建立了多源信息融合的边坡层次分析-模糊综合评价模型。将该模型应用于扎哈淖尔露天煤矿北帮边坡稳定性分析中，最后基于数值模拟对模型进行了验证。研究表明，基于所建立的边坡层次分析-模糊综合评价模型确定北帮边坡为基本稳定状态，基于数值模拟得出扎哈淖尔露天煤矿北帮边坡滑移面安全系数为1.121，模型结果与数值模拟结果所得到的边坡稳定性状态吻合度较好，验证了模型的有效性。该模型可以充分考虑多重信息对边坡稳定性分析的贡献，从而更全面准确分析边坡稳定性。
- 露天矿边坡 /
- 监测信息 /
- 模糊综合评价 /
- 边坡稳定性 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: The bench slope within an open-pit coal mine plays an important supporting role for coal resource production and transportation. The stability evaluation of the slope is of great significance in guiding continuous mining operations within the mine. This study leverages monitoring data and geological surveys of the slope, employing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign weights to slope stability analysis factors. Additionally, it employs the principle of maximum membership degree, taking into account various parameters such as slope geometry, geological data, meteorological and hydrological information, and field monitoring data. This paper establishes an analytic hierarchy process - fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for slope stability assessment. Subsequently, the model is applied to analyze the stability of the north slope at the Zhahanao’er open-pit coal mine. The research indicates that, accordingly to the established slope analytic hierarchy process - fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, the northern slope is deemed to be fundamentally stable. The numerical simulated FOS (factor of safety) of 1.121 aligns remarkably well with model results. It is comprehensive and accurate since the model can fully consider the contribution of multiple information to the stability of slope.
- open-pit slope /
- monitoring data /
- fuzzy comprehensive evaluation /
- slope stability /
- numerical simulation

HTML全文

图 1 扎哈淖尔露天煤矿北帮边坡现场图

Figure 1. Site map of the north slope at Zhahanaoer open-pit mine

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图 2 扎哈淖尔露天矿北帮研究剖面位置

Figure 2. Study cross-section at the north slope at Zhahanaoer open-pit mine

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图 3 扎哈淖尔露天矿北帮地质剖面

Figure 3. Geological cross-section of the north slope of open-pit mine

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图 4 扎哈淖尔露天矿北帮弱层岩芯

Figure 4. Core samples of weak layers on the northern slope of open-pit mine

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图 5 雷达监测点位变形速率

Figure 5. Deformation velocity rate at radar monitoring points

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图 6 研究剖面计算模型

Figure 6. Numerical model of study area

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图 7 强度折减弱化北帮边坡潜在滑移面模拟结果

Figure 7. SRM modelled potential slip surface of the northern slope

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表 1 连续型指标影响等级划分

Table 1. Classification of Impact levels for continuous influencing indicators

稳定性	坡高/m	坡度/°	年降雨量/mm	地表变形速率（mm/d）
稳定	0～100	0～15	0～500	5
基本稳定	100～200	15～30	500～800	5～30
欠稳定	200～300	30～50	800～1200	30～80
不稳定	>300	>50	>1200	>80

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表 2 离散型指标影响等级划分

Table 2. Classification of Impact levels for discrete influencing indicators

稳定性	岩性	结构类型	弱层	地面变形	地下水影响
稳定	坚硬岩体	反倾坡	无	无	很弱
基本稳定	中等坚硬	斜交横坡	反倾夹层	弱	较弱
欠稳定	软弱岩体	近水平坡	顺倾夹层、反倾基岩	中等	较强
不稳定	松散体	顺向坡	顺倾基岩	强烈	很强

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表 3 层次分析法影响因子标度

Table 3. Analytic hierarchy Process (AHP) influence factor scale

标度	含义
1	${u_i}$和${u_j}$指标影响程度相同
3	${u_i}$和${u_j}$指标影响程度相比，一个比另一个稍微重要
5	${u_i}$和${u_j}$指标影响程度相比，一个比另一个明显重要
7	${u_i}$和${u_j}$指标影响程度相比，一个比另一个强烈重要
9	${u_i}$和${u_j}$指标影响程度相比，一个比另一个极端重要
2,4,6,8	介于以上两种比较之间的标度值
倒数	${u_i}$和${u_j}$指标之间判断${b_{ij}}$，${u_j}$和${u_i}$指标之间判断${1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {{b_{ij}}}}} \right. } {{b_{ij}}}}$

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表 4 离散型指标评价隶属度表

Table 4. Discrete index evaluation membership degree

离散型指标	具体指标	离散型指标评价隶属度
离散型指标	具体指标	稳定	基本稳定	欠稳定	不稳定
岩性	坚硬岩体	0.8	0.2	0	0
	中等坚硬	0.4	0.5	0.1	0
	软弱岩体	0	0.2	0.5	0.3
	松散体	0	0	0.2	0.8
结构类型	顺向坡	0	0	0.2	0.8
	近水平坡	0.1	0.2	0.7	0
	斜交/横坡	0.2	0.7	0.1	0
	均质/反倾	0.8	0.2	0	0
弱层	无	1	0	0	0
	反倾夹层	0.2	0.7	0.1	0
	顺倾夹层、反倾基岩	0	0.1	0.7	0.2
	顺倾基岩	0	0	0.2	0.8
地面变形	无	0.8	0.2	0	0
	弱	0.2	0.7	0.1	0
	中等	0	0.1	0.7	0.2
	强烈	0	0	0.2	0.8
地下水影响	很弱	0.55	0.30	0.10	0.05
	较弱	0.25	0.50	0.15	0.10
	较强	0.05	0.10	0.30	0.55
	很强	0.05	0.15	0.10	0.70

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表 5 北帮边坡定量指标隶属度

Table 5. Membership degree of quantitative indexes for the Northern Slope

稳定性	坡高隶属度	坡度隶属度	年平均降雨量隶属度	地表变形速率隶属度
稳定	0	0.86	1	0
基本稳定	0.16	0.14	0	0.83
欠稳定	0.84	0	0	0.17
不稳定	0	0	0	0

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表 6 北帮边坡定性指标隶属度

Table 6. Membership degrees of qualitative indexes for the Northern Slope

稳定性	岩性隶属度	结构类型隶属度	弱层隶属度	地面变形隶属度	地下水影响隶属度
稳定	0	0.8	0.2	0	0.05
基本稳定	0.2	0.2	0.7	0	0.1
欠稳定	0.5	0	0.1	0.2	0.3
不稳定	0.3	0	0	0.8	0.55

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表 7 岩层物理力学参数表

Table 7. Physico-mechanical parameters of strata

岩层	重度/（kN·m⁻³）	内聚力/kPa	内摩擦角/°
排弃物料	17.7	9.8	10.0
第三系粘土层	17.9	21.0	12.0
第四系细砂层	17.9	17.0	11.7
浅部泥岩	20.2	50.0	12.6
泥砂岩互层	23.45	70.0	24.6
煤层	12.7	60	24.5
弱层	17.9	7	5.7

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表 8 边坡稳定性状态划分

Table 8. Classification of Slope Stability States

边坡安全系数F	F<1.00	1.00≤F<1.05	1.05≤F<1.2	F≥1.2
边坡稳定状态	不稳定	欠稳定	基本稳定	稳定

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