卡口地形段泥石流的堵塞效应分析

黄杰; 党超

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202207011

卡口地形段泥石流的堵塞效应分析

doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202207011

黄杰^1,,
党超^{1, 2, ,}

1.
三峡大学土木与建筑学院，湖北宜昌　443002
2.
三峡大学地质灾害教育部重点试验室，湖北宜昌　443002

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（41701013）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄杰：黄　杰（1996-），男，四川资阳人，硕士研究生，主要从事地质灾害成因机理方面的研究。E-mail：2654394880@qq.com

通讯作者:
党　超（1982-），男，山东滕州人，博士，副教授，主要从事地质灾害成因机理方面的研究。E-mail：dangchao1982@126.com

中图分类号: P694
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-10
- 录用日期: 2022-11-10
- 修回日期: 2022-11-09
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-27

Blocking effect of debris flow in the segment of bayonet terrain: A case study at the Huatoujian gulley of Shefang, Sichuan

Jie HUANG^1
,,
Chao DANG^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Ministry of Education, Yichang, Hubei　443002, China
2.
College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei　443002, China

摘要

摘要: 泥石流在流经卡口段沟道时常出现暂时堵塞现象，并伴随着流量突然放大效应。文中通过典型卡口段泥石流野外调查和室内水槽试验，研究卡口段泥石流堵塞效应的影响因素与成因机制。研究显示：卡口段泥石流堵塞效应引起的流量放大或因松散固体物源堆积而产生的流量衰减，均与卡口部位的几何条件、泥石流流体、沟域特征、是否存在附加松散物源有关。单纯卡口的存在多为泥石流流量衰减的正面因素，而是否有松散物源的加入则是卡口段泥石流的堵塞效应发生的关键因素。此研究对认识泥石流在微地貌突变动、堆积规律，完善泥石流防治技术规程方面都具有重要的理论意义和应用前景。
- 泥石流 /
- 卡口 /
- 水槽试验 /
- 堵塞效应 /
- 地质灾害防灾减灾
Abstract: The temporary block-breach phenomena tend to occurrence when debris flows run throng bayonet segment, accompanying with instant scale-amplified effect. By the way of field investigations as well as indoor flume tests, the influence factors and formation mechanisms of the block-breach effect were studied herein. Results showed that the flow amplification caused by the blocking effect of debris flow or the flow attenuation caused by the accumulation of solid materials in the bayonet segments, were related to the geometric conditions of the bayonet, the debris flow fluid and trench features, and whether there was additional loose material . The existence of bayonet was mostly a positive factor for the flow attenuation of debris flow, and whether there was the addition of loose materials was the key factor for the blocking effect of debris flow in bayonet segments. This study provided theoretical significance and application prospects for understanding the motional and deposited regularities of debris flow in where micro-topography abruptly changed, and improving the technical regulations of natural hazard prevention and mitigation.
- debris flow /
- bayonet /
- flume test /
- blocking effect /
- natural hazard prevention and mitigation

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图 1 试验装置图

Figure 1. Graph of the test apparatus

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图 2 试验砂级配图

Figure 2. Sands grading used in the tests

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图 3 不同形态卡口条件下泥石流的流量过程线

Figure 3. Discharge hydrograph of debris flow through different bayonets

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图 4 卡口束窄率与流量比的关系

Figure 4. The relation between narrowing rate of bayonet and discharge ratio

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图 5 卡口束窄率与峰值流量延迟时间的关系

Figure 5. The relation between narrowing rate of bayonet and delay time of peak discharge

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图 6 不同卡口长度的泥石流流量过程线

Figure 6. Discharge hydrograph of debris flow with different bayonet lengths

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图 7 不同容重泥石流通的流量过程线

Figure 7. Discharge hydrograph of debris flow with different bulk density

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图 8 不同级配泥石流的流量过程线

Figure 8. Discharge hydrograph of debris flow with different gradation

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图 9 不同坡度条件下泥石流的流量过程线

Figure 9. Discharge hydrograph of debris flow with different inclination

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图 10 J-Q_pr关系图（弧度表示法（360°=2π））

Figure 10. J-Q_prrelation

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图 11 不同体积的堆积型卡口段的流量过程线

Figure 11. Discharge hydrograph through sediment bayonet with different volumes

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图 12 K-Q_pr关系图

Figure 12. K-Q_prrelation

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表 1 什邡市多年平均月降水量统计表（1971—2002年）

Table 1. Statistical table of annual average monthly precipitation in Shifang City （1971—2002）

各月平均降水量/mm												年平均降水量/mm
l	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	年平均降水量/mm
11.85	20.34	44.58	75.81	114.67	254.36	202.44	141.69	36.31	15.77	4.49	11.85	938.9

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表 2 研究区不同频率下雨强值计算表

Table 2. Calculation table of rain intensity values at different frequencies in the study area

频率P/%	10 min雨强				1 h雨强
频率P/%	平均值/mm	变异系数	模比系数	设计雨强/mm	平均值/mm	变异系数	模比系数	设计雨强/mm
1	12.5	0.4	2.31	28.88	45	0.35	2.11	94.95
2			2.08	26.00			1.92	86.40
5			1.78	22.25			1.67	75.15
10			1.53	19.13			1.47	66.15
	6 h雨强				24 h雨强
1	100	0.5	2.74	274.00	160	0.58	3.1	496.00
2			2.42	242.00			2.69	430.40
5			1.99	199.00			2.16	345.60
10			1.66	166.00			1.75	280.00

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表 3 试验组次安排表

Table 3. Schedule of test groups

组次	卡口形态					泥石流特征		沟域特征	松散物源 /（10⁻³m³）
组次	卡口形状	卡口宽度 /cm	卡口扩展角 /（°）	束窄率	卡口长度 /cm	颗粒中值粒径/mm	泥石流容重 /（kN·m⁻³）	沟道纵坡 /（°）	松散物源 /（10⁻³m³）
SY0-1						3.458	18.27	6	无
SY0-2						3.458	18.27	9	无
SY0-3						3.458	18.27	12	无
SY0-4						3.458	18.27	6	无
SY0-5						3.458	18.27	9	无
SY0-6						3.458	18.27	12	无
SY1-1	矩形	12.5	—	0.250	30	3.458	18.27	9	无
SY1-2		10	—	0.333
SY1-3		7.5	—	0.417
SY2-1	V形		60	0.268	30	3.458	18.27	9	无
SY2-2			45	0.413
SY2-3			30	0.567
SY3-1	梯形	（10,20）		0.5	30	3.458	18.27	9	无
SY3-2	梯形	（10,10）		0.67	30	3.458	18.27	9	无
SY4-1	梯形	（10,20）		0.5	20	3.458	18.27	9	无
SY4-2					30
SY4-3					40
SY5-1	梯形	（10,20）		0.5	30	3.458	16.85	9	无
SY5-2							18.27
SY5-3							19.62
SY5-4							20.35
SY6-1	梯形	（10,20）		0.5	30	1.734	18.27	9	无
SY6-2						3.458
SY6-3						5.264
SY6-4						9.935
SY7-1	梯形	（10,20）		0.5	30	3.458	18.27	6	无
SY7-2								9
SY7-3								12
SY8-1	梯形	（10,20）		0.5	30	3.458	18.27	9	3.37
SY8-2									6.74
SY8-3									10.11
注：（10，20）分别代表梯形卡口底宽与顶宽。

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