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卡口地形段泥石流的堵塞效应分析

黄杰 党超

黄杰,党超. 卡口地形段泥石流的堵塞效应分析−以四川什邡桦头尖泥石流沟域为例[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2023,34(1): 1-11 doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202207011
引用本文: 黄杰,党超. 卡口地形段泥石流的堵塞效应分析−以四川什邡桦头尖泥石流沟域为例[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2023,34(1): 1-11 doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202207011
HUANG Jie, DANG Chao. Blocking effect of debris flow in the segment of bayonet terrain: A case study at the Huatoujian gulley of Shefang, Sichuan[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2023, 34(1): 1-11 doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202207011
Citation: HUANG Jie, DANG Chao. Blocking effect of debris flow in the segment of bayonet terrain: A case study at the Huatoujian gulley of Shefang, Sichuan[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2023, 34(1): 1-11 doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202207011

卡口地形段泥石流的堵塞效应分析

doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202207011
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41701013)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    黄杰:黄 杰(1996-),男,四川资阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事地质灾害成因机理方面的研究。E-mail:2654394880@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    党 超(1982-),男,山东滕州人,博士,副教授,主要从事地质灾害成因机理方面的研究。E-mail:dangchao1982@126.com

  • 中图分类号: P694

Blocking effect of debris flow in the segment of bayonet terrain: A case study at the Huatoujian gulley of Shefang, Sichuan

  • 摘要: 泥石流在流经卡口段沟道时常出现暂时堵塞现象,并伴随着流量突然放大效应。文中通过典型卡口段泥石流野外调查和室内水槽试验,研究卡口段泥石流堵塞效应的影响因素与成因机制。研究显示:卡口段泥石流堵塞效应引起的流量放大或因松散固体物源堆积而产生的流量衰减,均与卡口部位的几何条件、泥石流流体、沟域特征、是否存在附加松散物源有关。单纯卡口的存在多为泥石流流量衰减的正面因素,而是否有松散物源的加入则是卡口段泥石流的堵塞效应发生的关键因素。此研究对认识泥石流在微地貌突变动、堆积规律,完善泥石流防治技术规程方面都具有重要的理论意义和应用前景。
  • 图  1  试验装置图

    Figure  1.  Graph of the test apparatus

    图  2  试验砂级配图

    Figure  2.  Sands grading used in the tests

    图  3  不同形态卡口条件下泥石流的流量过程线

    Figure  3.  Discharge hydrograph of debris flow through different bayonets

    图  4  卡口束窄率与流量比的关系

    Figure  4.  The relation between narrowing rate of bayonet and discharge ratio

    图  5  卡口束窄率与峰值流量延迟时间的关系

    Figure  5.  The relation between narrowing rate of bayonet and delay time of peak discharge

    图  6  不同卡口长度的泥石流流量过程线

    Figure  6.  Discharge hydrograph of debris flow with different bayonet lengths

    图  7  不同容重泥石流通的流量过程线

    Figure  7.  Discharge hydrograph of debris flow with different bulk density

    图  8  不同级配泥石流的流量过程线

    Figure  8.  Discharge hydrograph of debris flow with different gradation

    图  9  不同坡度条件下泥石流的流量过程线

    Figure  9.  Discharge hydrograph of debris flow with different inclination

    图  10  J-Qpr关系图(弧度表示法(360°=2π))

    Figure  10.  J-Qpr relation

    图  11  不同体积的堆积型卡口段的流量过程线

    Figure  11.  Discharge hydrograph through sediment bayonet with different volumes

    图  12  K-Qpr关系图

    Figure  12.  K-Qpr relation

    表  1  什邡市多年平均月降水量统计表(1971—2002年)

    Table  1.   Statistical table of annual average monthly precipitation in Shifang City (1971—2002)

    各月平均降水量/mm年平均降水量/mm
    l23456789101112
    11.8520.3444.5875.81114.67254.36202.44141.6936.3115.774.4911.85938.9
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  研究区不同频率下雨强值计算表

    Table  2.   Calculation table of rain intensity values at different frequencies in the study area

    频率P/%10 min雨强1 h雨强
    平均值/mm变异
    系数
    模比
    系数
    设计雨强/mm平均值/mm变异
    系数
    模比
    系数
    设计雨强/mm
    112.50.42.3128.88450.352.1194.95
    22.0826.001.9286.40
    51.7822.251.6775.15
    101.5319.131.4766.15
    6 h雨强24 h雨强
    11000.52.74274.001600.583.1496.00
    22.42242.002.69430.40
    51.99199.002.16345.60
    101.66166.001.75280.00
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  试验组次安排表

    Table  3.   Schedule of test groups

    组次卡口形态泥石流特征沟域特征松散物源
    /(10−3m3
    卡口形状卡口宽度
    /cm
    卡口扩展角
    /(°)
    束窄率卡口长度
    /cm
    颗粒中值
    粒径/mm
    泥石流容重
    /(kN·m−3
    沟道纵坡
    /(°)
    SY0-13.45818.276
    SY0-23.45818.279
    SY0-33.45818.2712
    SY0-43.45818.276
    SY0-53.45818.279
    SY0-63.45818.2712
    SY1-1矩形12.50.250303.45818.279
    SY1-2100.333
    SY1-37.50.417
    SY2-1V形600.268303.45818.279
    SY2-2450.413
    SY2-3300.567
    SY3-1梯形(10,20)0.5303.45818.279
    SY3-2(10,10)0.67
    SY4-1梯形(10,20)0.5203.45818.279
    SY4-230
    SY4-340
    SY5-1梯形(10,20)0.5303.45816.859
    SY5-218.27
    SY5-319.62
    SY5-420.35
    SY6-1梯形(10,20)0.5301.73418.279
    SY6-23.458
    SY6-35.264
    SY6-49.935
    SY7-1梯形(10,20)0.5303.45818.276
    SY7-29
    SY7-312
    SY8-1梯形(10,20)0.5303.45818.2793.37
    SY8-26.74
    SY8-310.11
      注:(10,20)分别代表梯形卡口底宽与顶宽。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-07-10
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