基于LBM-DEM细观数值模拟的水力诱导覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷发育过程分析

陶小虎; 叶明; 龚建师; 王赫生; 胡晓雨

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202207027

基于LBM-DEM细观数值模拟的水力诱导覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷发育过程分析

doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202207027

陶小虎^{1, 2,},
叶明³,
龚建师^{1, 2},
王赫生^{1, 2, ,},
胡晓雨⁴

1.
中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心，江苏南京　210016
2.
自然资源部流域生态地质过程重点实验室，江苏南京　210016
3.
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee　FL 32306
4.
江苏省水资源服务中心，江苏南京　210029

基金项目: 中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20221756）

详细信息

作者简介:
陶小虎（1987-），男，博士，工程师，主要从事地下水环境研究。E-mail：taoxiaohu_cgs@126.com

通讯作者:
王赫生（1984-），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事水工环地质调查研究。E-mail：411099641@qq.com

中图分类号: P642.26
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-21
- 录用日期: 2023-04-17
- 修回日期: 2023-03-06
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-25

Formation process of the cover-collapse sinkhole induced by groundwater changes based on the coupled LBM-DEM numerical simulation at micro scale

Xiaohu TAO^{1, 2
,},
Ming YE³,
Jianshi GONG^{1, 2},
Hesheng WANG^{1, 2
, ,},
Xiaoyu HU⁴

1.
Nanjing Center, China Geology Survey, Nanjing, Jiangsu　210016, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Watershed Eco-Geological Processes, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing Jiangsu　210016, China
3.
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
4.
Water Resources Service Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu　210029, China

摘要

摘要: 文中以水力驱动的覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷为背景，基于离散元方法和格子Boltzmann方法，采用Bouzidi插值反弹边界格式和动量交换法，建立一种可以从细观角度模拟覆盖型岩溶塌陷的二维格子Boltzmann方法—离散元方法流固耦合模型。在此基础上对承压水下降引起覆盖型岩溶塌陷数值模拟开展了探索性研究。模拟结果表明：承压水位下降工况中地下水主要对隔水层岩溶开口处的颗粒产生影响，对土洞周围土体产生向下的作用力；土体颗粒的剥落容易造成土颗粒原位置和上方位置处水压的陡降，从而造成较强的水力坡降，使得地下水对内部颗粒作用力陡增，容易引起上方颗粒在地下水作用力和重力作用下失稳，导致从土体颗粒失稳至土层塌陷逐渐加速。研究成果对进一步从细观尺度进行水力驱动的覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷的发育过程与特征研究具有理论及实际意义。
- 覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷 /
- 地下水 /
- 数值模拟 /
- LBM-DEM方法 /
- 细观尺度
Abstract: To investigate the hydraulic characteristics and soil behaviors during the formation of cover-collapse sinkholes induced by the groundwater changes, a 2D fluid-solid coupling model was developed based on discrete element method and lattice Boltzmann method. This model utilizes the linearly interpolated bounce-back scheme of Bouzidi and the momentum exchange method, allowing for the simulation of the formation of cover-collapse sinkhole from a microscopic perspective. Using the fluid-solid coupling model, an exploratory study was conducted to simulate the formation of cover-collapse sinkholes induced by a decrease in the hydraulic head of confined aquifers. Simulation results indicate that when the water level of a confined aquifer declines, the groundwater flow mainly affects the particles located above a cave opening and produces a downward force on the surrounding soil. When soil particles spall, the hydraulic heads at the positions of the spalled soil particles drop sharply. This results in a significant increase in the hydraulic gradient, causing the groundwater force on internal particles to sharply increase as well. As a result, the upper particles lose stability due to the combined force of groundwater dragging and gravitational force, which can lead to a gradual acceleration process of collapse. The research results provide valuable insights into the understanding of cover-collapse sinkhole formation induced by the groundwater changes.
- cover-collapse sinkhole /
- groundwater /
- numerical simulation /
- LBM-DEM method /
- micro scale

HTML全文

图 1 Bouzidi插值反弹边界示意图

Figure 1. Schematic view of Bouzidi Interpolation Bounce-Back diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 颗粒所受到水流的水平作用力随β的变化

Figure 2. The variation of horizontal force on solid particle introduced by water flow with different β

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 覆盖型岩溶塌陷的建模流程

Figure 3. Modeling flowchart of cover-collapse sinkhole formation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 覆盖型岩溶塌陷LBM-DEM模型

Figure 4. Schematic view of LBM-DEM model of cover-collapse sinkhole

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 承压水位下降工况覆盖型岩溶塌陷过程

Figure 5. The process of cover-collapse sinkhole formation with declining confined water level

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 塌陷过程中岩溶开口中心线不同高程处水压随时间变化曲线

Figure 6. The variation of water pressure at different elevations of karst opening centerline during cover-collapse sinkhole formation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 塌陷过程中岩溶开口中心线颗粒受地下水垂向作用力随时间变化曲线

Figure 7. The variation of vertical force on the particles at karst opening centerline during cover-collapse sinkhole formation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 塌陷过程中岩溶开口中心线颗粒的垂向位移随时间变化曲线

Figure 8. The variation of vertical displacement of the particles at karst opening centerline during cover-collapse sinkhole formation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 计算模型参数

Table 1. Summary of simulation model parameters

	参数名称	值
固体（DEM）	密度/（kg·m⁻³）	2700
	杨氏模量/Pa	100E6
	泊松比	0.3
	内摩擦角/（°）	20
	法向黏聚力/（N·m⁻¹）	150
	切向黏聚力/（N·m⁻¹）	150
	时间步长/s	2.5E-5
	重力加速度/（m·s⁻²）	9.8
流体（LBM）	密度/（kg·m⁻³）	1000
	运动黏滞系数/（m²·s⁻¹）	1.01E-6
	时间步长/s	0.0001
	空间步长/m	0.0001

下载: 导出CSV

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