Exploration of hidden structure and prediction of gas anomaly area based on gas control projects
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摘要: 隐伏构造勘查与瓦斯异常区域预测研究是瓦斯灾害防治工程的基础。根据我国煤矿生产法律规章，开采具有瓦斯灾害危险的煤层前，必须实施瓦斯抽放工程。通常，地质异常区域即是瓦斯灾害危险区，构造应力场和采动应力场的叠加会扰动煤体并加压瓦斯。为精准定位地质异常区，评价其瓦斯致灾潜能，提出了一种基于瓦斯抽采工程进行瓦斯异常区域勘测的研究方法。该方法利用抽采钻孔参数和施工记录，采集钻孔数据并计算煤层顶底板控制点坐标，进而利用二维投影图件及三维应力场模型对隐伏地质构造（如小的断层、褶曲、局部煤厚异常变化等）进行勘查和预测；通过分析小型地质构造周围的附加应力场，并对瓦斯致灾潜能进行动态预测。应用该方法，可以对地质异常区进行精细调查，揭示采煤工作面瓦斯地质演化的一般规律。其研究结果为高瓦斯或突出煤层瓦斯灾害防治措施优化设计及有效实施提供科学依据。Abstract: The investigation of hidden structures and the prediction of gas abnormal area form the foundation of gas disaster prevention engineering. In accordance with the laws and regulations governing coal mining in our country, a gas pumping project must be implemented prior to mining coal seams with a gas hazard. Typically, geologic anomaly area represent gas hazard zones, where the combination of tectonic stress field and mining-induced stress field can disturb coal bodies and pressurize gas. To accurately locate geologic anomaly areas and evaluate their gas disaster potential, a gas geologic anomaly survey method has been proposed based on gas extraction projects. This method uses drilling parameters and records to calculate the coordinates of the control points of the coal seam roof and bottom, and then utilizes two-dimensional projection diagrams and three-dimensional stress field models to survey and forecast small, hidden geological structures (such as small faults, folds, and locally abnormal coal thicknesses). By analyzing the additional stress field surrounding small geological structures, gas disaster potential can be dynamically predicted. The application of this method enables the detailed investigation of geological anomalies and reveals the general pattern of gas geological evolution at coal mining worksites. The research results provide a scientific basis for the optimal design and effective implementation of disaster prevention and control measures for coal seams with high gas content or at risk of gas outbursts.
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图 1 隐伏构造勘查和瓦斯异常区域预测技术工作流程
Figure 1. Workflow of hidden structure exploration and gas anomaly area prediction technology
图 6 煤层顶板（或底板）三维曲面示图
Figure 6. Three-dimensional surface illustration diagram of coal seam roof (or floor)
图 11 背斜、向斜曲面磨光示图
Figure 11. Surface grinding illustration diagram of anticlines and synclines
图 13 瓦斯抽采钻孔平面图、剖面图
Figure 13. Layout plan view and cross-section view of gas extraction drilling holes
图 18 煤层底板等高线三次残差图
Figure 18. Three times residual map of coal seam floor contour lines
图 20 采动影响下工作面前方断层周围应力场的数值模拟
Figure 20. Numerical simulation of stress field around fault ahead of working face under mining influence
图 21 靠近小断层的采煤工作面瓦斯浓度监测图
Figure 21. Gas concentration monitoring diagram for coal mining working face near small fault
表 1 不同构造类型趋势面分析表
Table 1. Analysis table of trending surfaces for different tectonic types
构造类型 构造模型 煤层顶板（或底板）等值线示图 趋势面残差示图 断层 走向断层 
倾向断层 
褶曲 
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表 2 不同构造类型叠加应力场数值模拟
Table 2. Numerical simulation of superimposed stress fields of different tectonic types
构造类型 0°夹角断层 45°夹角断层 90°夹角断层 构造模型 
开采前 
20 m迎头 
6 m迎头 
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