Development characteristics and causal analysis of karst collapses in Chengnan community, Yingde City, Guangdong Province
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摘要: 以广东省英德市英城街道城南社区地面塌陷为研究对象，在系统收集研究区及周边区域地质环境条件、历史灾情、水位监测等资料的基础上，通过地面调查、物探、钻探等技术手段，查明研究区岩溶塌陷发育特征，分析岩溶塌陷的主要成因。结果表明：（1）研究区内塌陷坑单体规模以小型为主，少量为中、大型；共连续发生31处岩溶塌陷，影响面积0.6 km2，岩溶塌陷地质灾害规模为特大型。塌陷坑平面形态以圆形、椭圆形为主，剖面形态以圆柱状为主。（2）研究区岩溶塌陷主要受地质构造、覆盖土层、水文地质、大气降雨及人类活动等因素影响，综合分析认为，地质构造、覆盖土层与水文地质条件为主导因素，大气降雨和人类活动为诱发因素。（3）综合以上分析，可将研究区岩溶塌陷总结为“傍河型隐伏岩溶区地面塌陷模式”，在对河道附近岩溶塌陷成因研究中，可首先考虑河道水位涨落及人类抽水、排水的影响因素，再结合实际情况考虑其他影响因素，此规律可为后期针对河道附近岩溶塌陷的研究提供参考。Abstract: This research endeavors to investigate the development characteristics, spatial-temporal distribution, and cause of karst collapses in Chengnan community, Yingcheng Street, Yingde City, Guangdong Province. Various technological means such as ground investigation, geophysical exploration, and drilling were employed to examine the collapses discovered in the study area, along with systematic data collection on environmental geologic conditions, historical disasters, and water-level monitoring in the study area and its surrounding areas. The results show that: (1) The karst collapses in the study area constitute an extremely large geological disaster, affecting an area of 0.6 km2, with 31 consecutive eruptions. Most of the surface collapse pits in the study area are small-scale, while a few are medium and large-scale. The planar shape of the collapse pits is primarily circular and elliptical, while the cross-section shape is mainly cylindrical. (2) The occurrence of karst collapses in the study area is influenced by geological structure, covering-layer of soil, atmospheric rainfall, hydrogeological characteristics, and human activities. Among these factors, geological structure, covering-layer of soil, and hydrogeological characteristics are considered as primary factors, whereas atmospheric rainfall and human activities act as inducing factors after a comprehensive assessment. (3) To conclude, the karst collapses erupted in the study area can be categorized as “the mode of collapse near rivers in subsurface karst areas”. During the causal analysis, priority should be given to considering water level fluctuations, pumping, and drainage. Subsequently, other influencing factors should be taken into account based on specific conditions, providing valuable insights for future research on karst collapses erupted near rivers.
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Key words:
- karst collapse /
- development characteristics /
- distribution pattern /
- causal analysis
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图 2 研究区各标高段线岩溶率分布图
Figure 2. Distribution map of karstification rates in various elevation sections of the study area
图 4 塌陷坑平面形态特征示例
Figure 4. Site examples of the planar morphological characteristics of karst collapse sinkholes
表 1 研究区主要地层岩性表
Table 1. Lithology table of main strata in the study area
地质时代 地层单元及代号 岩性概述 第四系 冲积层（Qal） 岩性主要为淤泥质土、粉质黏土、粉砂及卵石，零星分布于研究区东北部的北江沿岸、
浈阳湖周边及东部的污水厂附近坡积层（Qdl） 岩性主要为粉质黏土，局部含风化角砾，层厚0.1～17.3 m，平均层厚5.19 m，主要分布于研究区东北部、中部及南部 残积层（Qel） 岩性主要为粉质黏土，含较多测水组泥质岩类风化残留物及泥岩碎块，局部夹黑色有机质，
层厚1.3～28.5 m，平均层厚8.97 m，在研究区内大部分区域均有分布石炭系 石磴子组（C1s） 岩性以灰岩为主，次为炭质灰岩，发育网状方解石细脉，岩质脆硬，局部可见溶蚀现象 
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表 2 断裂特征统计表
Table 2. Statistical table of fracture characteristics
断裂名称 断裂特征 F1-1 NE向展布，走向约20°～40°为推测隐伏断裂，推测断裂层顶深度12.50～31.40 m，断裂宽度约50～100 m，区内延伸长度约1.0 km F1-2 NE向展布，走向约25°～35°，为推测隐伏断裂，推测断裂层顶深度6.20～25.60 m，断裂宽度约50～100 m，区内延伸长度约1.1 km F1-3 NE向展布，走向约5°～25°，为推测隐伏断裂，推测断裂层顶深度14.50～16.80 m，断裂宽度约20～30 m，研究区内延伸长度约0.3 km
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表 3 研究区塌陷坑基本特征表
Table 3. Basic characteristics of karst collapse sinkholes in the study area
编号 直径或（长轴×短轴）/m 平面形态 发生日期 TK1 24.5×19.3 椭圆形 2020-11-28 TK2 9 圆形 2020-11-28 TK3 7 圆形 2020-11-28 TK4 5.8×3 椭圆形 2020-11-28 TK5 14×13.6 椭圆形 2020-11-28 TK6 4 近似圆形 2020-11-28 TK7 3 近似圆形 2020-11-28 TK8 10 近似圆形 2020-11-28 TK9 3.2 近似圆形 2020-12-01 TK10 5 近似圆形 2020-11-28 TK11 5.5×4.6 近似椭圆形 2020-11-28 TK12 6 近似圆形 2020-12-02 TK13 6 圆形 2020-12-03 TK14 5 圆形 2020-12-09 TK15 3.3×2.5 椭圆形 2020-12-01 TK16 9×5 椭圆形 2020-12-14 TK17 7 圆形 2020-12-16 TK18 15 圆形 2020-11-28 TK19 1 近似圆形 2020-11-28 TK20 2 圆形 2020-12-16 TK21 6×4.5 椭圆形 2020-11-28 TK22 3 圆形 2020-12-28 TK23 4.5 圆形 2020-11-30 TK24 2 圆形 2020-12-30 TK25 7 圆形 2020-12-29 TK26 6×4.2 椭圆形 2021-01-11 TK27 5 圆形 2021-02-11 TK28 4×3 椭圆形 2020-11-28 TK29 5×4 椭圆形 2021-03-06 TK30 5×4 椭圆形 2021-03-07 TK31 1.5 圆形 2021-03-16
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