火烧迹地土壤团聚体稳定性原位快速测定方法

周永豪; 胡卸文; 金涛; 段雯超; 龚学强; 席传杰; 曹希超

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202209022

火烧迹地土壤团聚体稳定性原位快速测定方法

doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202209022

西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院，四川成都　611756

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41731285）

详细信息

作者简介:
周永豪（1997-），男，重庆涪陵人，硕士研究生，主要从事地质灾害研究工作。E-mail：zhouyonghao@my.swjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
金　涛（1993-），男，博士研究生，主要从事工程地质方面的研究工作。E-mail：jintao@my.swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P694
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-16
- 修回日期: 2022-11-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-16

An in-situ method for assessing soil aggregate stability in burned landscapes

Faculty of Geosciences and Environment Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan　611756, China

摘要

摘要: 森林火灾后因火烧迹地土壤斥水性，导致坡面径流和土壤可蚀性增强，提高了火后泥石流易发性，而土壤团聚体稳定性是影响土壤入渗能力和侵蚀敏感性的关键指标。目前常用于火烧迹地土壤团聚体稳定性测定的水滴冲击测定方法（counting the number of water drop impacts，CND），不适用于原位测定且耗时较长（滴定一组团聚体需要数小时）。作者针对火烧迹地土壤团聚体稳定性提出一种基于冲击震荡破坏效应的团聚体稳定性测定方法（shock and vibration damage method，SVD）。文章充分考虑容重、有机质含量和斥水性对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响，通过室内火烧模拟试验，制备了13种类型的土壤团聚体。采用自制的试验仪器进行SVD法正交试验测定土壤团聚体质量损失率（MLR），并与传统CND法测得的破坏团聚体的水滴数量进行对比。结果表明：SVD法的测定MT-6方案（冲击高度1 m、容器容水量40%、冲击5次、测定团聚体20颗）与CND法的测定结果具有很强的一致性（Kendall系数=0.797）和相关性(R²=0.634)，测定时间较短（测定一组团聚体约5 min），且测定结果区分度较好（约62%的团聚体MLR位于区分度良好的40%～60%区间），将其作为SVD法的最优测定方案。此外，SVD法试验装置结构简单、便携易拆卸，可用于原位快速且定量地区分火烧迹地不同火烈度下土壤团聚体稳定性水平，对火烧迹地土壤侵蚀、水土流失治理以及火后泥石流起动机理研究具有重要指导意义。
- 土壤团聚体稳定性 /
- 火烧迹地 /
- 质量损失率 /
- 冲击震荡破坏 /
- 火后泥石流
Abstract: Due to soil repellency in burned areas, slope runoff and soil erodibility escalates following forest fires, increasing the vulnerability to post-fire debris flows. Soil aggregate stability is a critical determinant of soil infiltration capacity and erosion susceptibility. The prevalent method of assessing soil aggregate stability in burned areas, the counting the number of water drop impacts (CND) method, is time-intensive and impractical for in-situ measurements. In response, this study introduces a novel technique based on the shock and vibration damage (SVD) effect for evaluating soil aggregate stability in burned areas. Thirteen distinct soil aggregate types were meticulously prepared for indoor simulated fire testing, with due consideration to factors such as bulk weight, organic matter content, and water repellency, which influence stability of soil aggregates. Employing a custom-built test apparatus, the mass loss rate (MLR) of soil aggregates was determined through orthogonal experiments using the SVD method and compared against the standard CND technique's quantification of water droplet-induced aggregate destruction. The findings demonstrated that SVD method, employing Test Scheme 6 (testing 20 aggregates, 1-meter impact height, 40% water content, and five impacts), exhibits excellent agreement (Kendall coefficient = 0.797) and correlation (R² = 0.634) with CND method outcomes. This testing scheme, characterized by rapid determination and effective discrimination, is identified as the optimal testing approach. The SVD testing apparatus is straightforward, portable, and easily disassembled, rendering it suitable for on-site use. It can be used to distinguish the stability level of soil aggregates swiftly and quantitatively under various fire intensities in burned areas in situ, which is an important guiding significance for the study of soil erosion, erosion control, and post-fire debris flow initiation mechanism in burned areas.
- soil aggregates stability /
- burned area /
- mass loss rate /
- shock and vibration damage /
- post-fire debris flows

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图 1 SVD法测定装置

注：a为示意图；b为试验装置细节展示图；c为不同冲击高度试验装置

Figure 1. Measurement setup for the SVD method

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图 2 CND法试验装置

Figure 2. Experimental setup for the CND method

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图 3 SVD法与CND法测试结果

（注：1，a为强能组，对应方案MT-4、9、10、15、18、19、20、22、24；b为中能组，对应方案MT-1、6、12、13、21、23；c为低能组，对应方案MT-2、3、5、7、8、11、14、16、17、25。2，高温亲水：ST-1～ST-3，轻度斥水：ST-7～ST-9，强烈斥水：ST-10～ST-11，严重斥水：ST-12，极端斥水：ST-13。3，同一土壤层不同小写字母代表显著性差异（P < 0.05）；同一斥水性不同大写字母代表显著性差异（P < 0.05），相同字母表示差异不显著，误差条表示测量结果平均值的标准误差。）

Figure 3. Test results of the SVD method and CND method

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图 4 SVD法与CND法函数拟合关系（b、c、d）及SVD法测试结果区分度分析（a）

注：函数关系式中，y代表SVD法所测质量损失率，x代表CND法所测水滴数量。

Figure 4. Relationship between SVD method and CND method function fitting (b, c, d) and discriminative analysis of discriminative analysis of (a)

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图 5 SVD法各试验参数均值主效应图

Figure 5. Main effects diagram of mean value of each test parameter for SVD method

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表 1 供试土壤主要物理化学性质

Table 1. Key physical and chemical properties of the studied soils

分组	高温亲水组			天然对照组			轻度斥水组			强烈−极端斥水组
分组	ST-1	ST-2	ST-3	ST-4	ST-5	ST-6	ST-7	ST-8	ST-9	ST-10	ST-11	ST-12	ST-13
温度/（°C）	600	600	600	常温	常温	常温	200	200	400	200	400	200	400
时间/min	120	120	120	\	\	\	5	60	5	30	5	60	5
深度/cm	0～2	2～4	4～6	0～2	2～4	4～6	0～2	2～4	4～6	0～2	2～4	0～2	0～2
斥水性	亲水	亲水	亲水	强烈斥水	轻度斥水	亲水	轻度斥水	轻度斥水	轻度斥水	强烈斥水	强烈斥水	严重斥水	极端斥水
干容重/（g·cm⁻³）	0.95	1.04	1.16	0.95	1.04	1.16	0.95	1.04	1.16	0.95	1.04	0.95	0.95
初始有机质含量/%	14.0	9.48	6.93	14.0	9.48	6.93	14.0	9.48	6.93	14.0	9.48	14.0	14.0
注：亲水（WDPT≤5 s），轻度斥水（WDPT：5～60 s），强烈斥水（WDPT：60～600 s），严重斥水（WDPT：600～3600 s），极端斥水（WDPT：>3600 s）^[24]，ST-1～13代表团聚体类型编号

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表 2 团聚体稳定性测定正交试验设计表

Table 2. Table for orthogonal test design for determining aggregation stability

测定方法编号	A/%	B/cm	C/次	D/颗	测定方法编号	A/%	B/cm	C/次	D/颗
MT-01	40	80	10	10	MT-14	80	100	1	10
MT-02	100	50	3	10	MT-15	20	100	10	25
MT-03	80	50	5	15	MT-16	20	50	1	5
MT-04	20	80	15	15	MT-17	60	80	5	5
MT-05	60	50	10	20	MT-18	100	200	5	25
MT-06	40	100	5	20	MT-19	20	150	5	10
MT-07	80	80	3	25	MT-20	60	200	15	10
MT-08	100	80	1	20	MT-21	40	200	1	15
MT-09	100	150	10	15	MT-22	80	200	10	5
MT-10	80	150	15	20	MT-23	100	100	15	5
MT-11	60	150	1	25	MT-24	20	200	3	20
MT-12	40	150	3	5	MT-25	60	100	3	15
MT-13	40	50	15	25
注：影响因素A是容器容水量，B是冲击高度，C是冲击次数，D单次测试所需土壤团聚体颗数，MT-1～25代表SVD法试验方案。

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表 3 SVD法各方案与CND法的一致性检验结果

Table 3. Consistency test results between various schemes of the SVD method and the CND method

方案	Kendall系数	P	方案	Kendall系数	P	方案	Kendall系数	P	方案	Kendall系数	P
MT-1	0.827	0.071	MT-8	0.687	0.170	MT-15	0.791	0.089	MT-22	0.726	0.134
MT-2	0.299	0.845	MT-9	0.709	0.149	MT-16	0.918	0.037	MT-23	0.684	0.173
MT-3	0.495	0.456	MT-10	0.723	0.137	MT-17	0.581	0.304	MT-24	0.679	0.178
MT-4	0.654	0.206	MT-11	0.890	0.045	MT-18	0.874	0.051	MT-25	0.604	0.270
MT-5	0.761	0.108	MT-12	0.874	0.051	MT-19	0.659	0.199	MT-6、 MT-11、 MT-16	0.797	0.000
MT-6	0.904	0.041	MT-13	0.780	0.095	MT-20	0.815	0.076
MT-7	0.728	0.133	MT-14	0.659	0.199	MT-21	0.794	0.087
注：表中P为显著性，P值小于0.05，说明具有显著一致性；Kendall系数值代表一致性程度（较差：<0.2，一般：0.2～0.4，中等：0.4～0.6，较强：0.6～0.8，很强：0.8～1.0）^[25]。

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