路堑边坡浅层塌滑的控制因素与生态防治措施

李怀鑫; 晏长根; 王瑞; 席宏平; 卢迪

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202211019

路堑边坡浅层塌滑的控制因素与生态防治措施

doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202211019

李怀鑫^1,,
晏长根^1, ,,
王瑞²,
席宏平³,
卢迪¹

1.
长安大学公路学院，陕西西安　710064
2.
中国建筑第六工程局有限公司，天津　300451
3.
甘肃路桥公路投资有限公司，甘肃兰州　730030

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42077265）；甘肃省交通科技项目（2021-19）

详细信息

作者简介:
李怀鑫（1995-），男，河南信阳人，博士生，主要从事边坡工程相关工作，Email：lihuaixin520@163.com

通讯作者:
晏长根（1975-），男，博士，教授，博导，主要从事岩土工程和工程地质方面的教学和研究工作E-mail：yanchanggen@163.com

中图分类号: TU43
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-09
- 录用日期: 2023-05-26
- 修回日期: 2023-04-24
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-01

Analysis of controlling factors and bio-engineering measures for shallow failures of cut slopes: A case study of Highway Cut Slopes from Shuangcheng-to-Dajiali Expressway

1.
School of Highway, Chang’an university, xi’an　710064, China
2.
China Construction Sixth Engineering Division Co., Ltd., Tianjin　300451, China
3.
Gan su Luqiao Highway Investment Co., Ltd., Lanzhou　730030, Gansu, China

摘要

摘要: 有效掌握边坡浅层塌滑机制及其影响因素的主次关系是开展路堑边坡变形预测及塌滑治理的重要前提，为此，以甘肃省双达高速某路堑边坡为研究对象，首先通过FLAC^3D有限元软件平台编写FISH语言，实现饱和度、重度和土体抗剪强度之间的动态关联，在此基础上求解不同降雨强度、坡比和降雨历时条件下路堑边坡的安全系数，并基于灰色关联理论确定降雨条件下路堑边坡浅层塌滑的主要外界因素主次关系，最后通过室内降雨试验和现场生态防护试验总结了路堑边坡浅层塌滑机制，提出了浅层塌滑生态防治措施。研究表明降雨过程中路堑边坡破坏模式由深层整体滑动向浅层局部滑动演化，且随坡比的降低，浅层塌滑区域由路堑边坡的坡肩部位向坡脚部位演化；相比降雨强度和降雨历时，坡比对路堑边坡浅层塌滑影响性最大；降雨过程中，路堑边坡浅层土体累计冲蚀率随时间呈现出先降低后增加的趋势，设置拱骨架和降低坡比均能提高路堑边坡浅层土体的抗塌滑能力；相比HP-FGM和EFM防护材料，聚丙烯纤维土防护材料时效性最理想，路堑边坡浅层塌滑生态治理效果最好。
- 路堑边坡 /
- 安全系数 /
- 灰色关联理论 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 浅层塌滑
Abstract: Understanding the primary and secondary relations of influencing factors is crucial for predicting deformation and controlling collapse in cutting slopes. Using a cutting slope along the Shuangcheng−Dalijia expressway in Gansu Province as the research object, this research utilized the FLAC^3D finite element software platform to establish dynamic correlations between saturation, gravity, and soil shear strength through FISH language. Based on this, safety factors of the cutting slope were calculated under different rainfall intensities, slope ratios, and rainfall duration. Grey relational theory was applied to determine the primary and secondary relationships of key factors affecting shallow collapse of cutting slopes under rainfall conditions. Indoor rainfall experiments and on-site ecological protection tests were conducted to summarize the shallow collapse mechanism and propose the environmental control measures. The study revealed that the failure mode of cutting slopes transitioned from deep overall sliding to shallow local sliding during rainfall. As the slope ratio decreased, the shallow collapse area gradually shifted from the slope shoulder to the foot of the cutting slope. Cumulative erosion rates of shallow soil in cutting slopes decreased initially and then increased over time during rainfall. Installing arch skeletons and reducing the slope ratio enhanced the cutting slope's resistance against shallow collapses. Among with the protective materials, polypropylene fiber-reinforced soil protective materials exhibited the best timeliness and ecological control effect for shallow collapses of cutting slopes compared to HP-FGM and EFM materials.
- cutting slope /
- safety factor /
- grey correlation theory /
- numerical simulation /
- shallow collapse

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图 1 双达高速公路某粉质黏土路堑边坡滑塌现象

Figure 1. Site photo of collapsed slope in a silty clay cutting slope along the Shuangcheng−Dalijia expressway

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图 2 现场全貌图

Figure 2. Overview photo of site cut slope

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图 3 模型尺寸及网格划分

Figure 3. Model mesh size and mesh division

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图 4 土-水特征曲线

Figure 4. Soil-water characteristic curve

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图 5 不同含水率下土体抗剪强度参数

Figure 5. Shear strength parameter of soil at different water content

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图 6 降雨过程中孔隙水压力随深度分布变化曲线

Figure 6. Variation curve of pore water pressure distribution with depth during rainfall process

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图 7 降雨前后路堑边坡最大剪应变增量图

Figure 7. Maximum shear strain increment of slope before and after rainfall

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图 8 不同坡比条件下边坡最大剪应变增量图

Figure 8. Maximum shear strain increment of slope under different slope ratios

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图 9 模拟降雨器装置

Figure 9. Schematic view of rainfall simulation device

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图 10 降雨60 min时坡面^[14]

Figure 10. Slope surface during 60 minutes of rainfall

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图 11 累计冲蚀量降低率随时间变化关系

Figure 11. Relationship between cumulative erosion reduction rate with time

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图 12 坡面防护效果对比

Figure 12. Comparison of slope surface protection effects

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表 1 土体材料参数

Table 1. Basic physical parameters of undisturbed soil

弹性模量 /MPa	泊松比	密度ρ /（g·cm⁻³）	渗透系数k_s /（cm·s⁻¹）	有效黏聚力 /kPa	有效内摩擦角/（°）
12.00	0.3	1.88	4.5×10^-5	26.7	28.5

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表 2 VG模型参数

Table 2. Summary table of VG model parameters

θ_s	θ_r	α	n	R²
0.4592	0.0837	0.0720	1.2661	0.9655

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表 3 边坡降雨前后安全系数

Table 3. Safety factor of slope before and after rainfall

坡比	降雨强度	降雨历时	初始安全系数F_S	降雨结束时安全系数F_S
1∶0.5	5 mm/h	24 h	2.68	2.49
1∶0.75	5 mm/h	24 h	2.92	2.75
1∶1	5 mm/h	24 h	3.28	3.12
1∶1.25	5 mm/h	24 h	3.30	3.18
1∶1	2.5 mm/h	24 h	3.28	3.23
1∶1	5 mm/h	24 h	3.28	3.12
1∶1	7.5 mm/h	24 h	3.28	1.25
1∶1	10 mm/h	24 h	3.28	1.11
1∶1	5 mm/h	12 h	3.28	3.21
1∶1	5 mm/h	24 h	3.28	3.12
1∶1	5 mm/h	32 h	3.28	1.575
1∶1	5 mm/h	48 h	3.28	0.58

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表 4 不同防护材料及防护效果对比

Table 4. Comparison of different protective materials and their effectiveness

防护材料名称	主要成分	质量配合比	草种添加量 /（g∙m⁻²）	坡面防护层厚度/mm	路堑边坡浅层塌滑防治效果
HP-FGM （灵活增长介质）	卷曲纤维、木质纤维、湿润剂和微孔颗粒	16∶1∶2∶1	20	≥30	坡面透气性和透水性最优，初期植被覆盖率最高，短期内生态防治效果较优，长期应用表现一般。
素土	素土	/	20	≥30	短期植被覆盖率一般，坡面透气性和透水性一般，生态防治效果一般，长期应用表现一般。
EFM （工程纤维基质）	卷曲与木质纤维和湿润剂	8.1∶1	20	≥30	坡面透气性和透水性良好，初期植被覆盖率较高，短期内生态防治效果良好，长期应用表现一般。
聚丙烯纤维土	聚丙烯纤维和素土	0.003∶1	20	≥30	坡面透气性和透水性最差，短期植被覆盖率最低，短期生态防治效果较差，长期应用表现优良。

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