Analysis of the dynamic fragmentation process of debris flow in the Madaling landslide in Duyun, Guizhou
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摘要:
下伏采空层及节理发育对滑坡崩塌致灾过程具有重要影响。为进一步探究节理对岩体的切割破碎作用与特征，基于无人机航摄及对马达岭滑坡碎屑流的野外调查，采用颗粒离散元方法模拟了下伏采空区含节理的滑坡碎屑流动力破碎过程，对产生破碎体的数量变化和粒径分布进行了分析。结果表明：（1）马达岭滑坡碎屑流发育过程可归纳为后缘拉裂-阶梯状蠕滑拉裂-剪切变形-滑面贯通-滑体整体破坏，节理与下伏采空区的冒落作用促进了滑体破坏破碎过程；（2）破碎在滑体破坏和运动堆积过程中均有发生，且运动堆积中的破碎占主导地位；（3）采用Weibull双参数模型拟合的结果表明，滑体内的细粒径破碎体持续增加，最终堆积体以中小粒径破碎体为主，论证了滑体运动堆积过程中的破碎解体现象。研究为此类下伏采空区含节理的滑坡碎屑流的破碎机理分析提供了新的思路，证明了下伏采空区冒落作用及节理切割作用对岩体破碎的影响，对类似地质条件区域的滑坡碎屑流灾害防治具有一定指导意义。
Abstract:The presence of underlying mined-out layer and developed joints have an important impact on the fragmentation process of landslide collapse. In order to further explore the cutting and fragmentation effects and characteristics of joints on rock masses, based on UAV aerial photography and field investigations of debris flows in the Madaling landslide, the particle discrete element method was used to simulate the flow force crushing process of landslide debris with joints in the underlying layer. Changes in the quantity and particle size distribution of fragmented bodies were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The development process of debris flow in the Madaling landslide can be summarized as the following: trailing edge tension fracture, stepped creeping tension fracture, shear deformation, slip surface connection, and overall failure of the sliding mass. The collapse of joints and underlying layer promotes the failure and fragmentation process of the sliding mass; 2. Fragmentation occurs during both the failure and movement deposition processes of the sliding mass, with fragmentation dominating during movement deposition; 3. Results fitted with the Weibull dual-parameter model show continuous increase in fine particle fragmentation within the sliding body, ultimately resulting in predominantly medium to small particle size fragmentation in the deposited mass, demonstrating the phenomenon of fragmentation and disintegration during the movement and deposition of the sliding body. This study provides new insights for the analysis of the fracture mechanism of the landslide debris flow with joints in such underlying layer, and proves that the effect of the caving and joint cutting of the underlying layer on the rock mass fracture has a certain guiding significance for the prevention and control of landslide debris flow disasters in areas with similar geological conditions.
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图 2 马达岭滑坡碎屑流地质剖面图
Figure 2. Geological cross-section profile of Madaling landslide-debris flow
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图 3 马达岭滑坡源区节理发育特征
Figure 3. Joints development characteristics of Madaling landslide-debris flow
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图 4 马达岭滑坡颗粒流数值模拟参数标定
Figure 4. Parameter calibration of granular flow numerical simulation for Madaling landslide
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图 5 PFC3D模拟2～10 s马达岭滑坡碎屑流滑体破坏破碎过程 （时间间隔ΔT = 2 s）
Figure 5. Simulation of fragmentation with PFC3D from 2 to 10 s (ΔT = 2 s)
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图 6 PFC3D模拟0～180 s马达岭滑坡碎屑流滑体破碎堆积过程（时间间隔ΔT = 20 s）
Figure 6. Simulation of fragmentation accumulation with PFC3D from 0 to 180 s (ΔT = 20 s)
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图 7 堆积区与PFC3D数值模拟结果对比
注：a为前缘已被清理的堆积区；b为离散元模拟堆积区范围；c为堆积区巨石；d为离散元模拟产生的相似形状破碎体。
Figure 7. Comparison between deposition area and simulation results with PFC3D
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图 9 破碎体数量在滑体破坏与堆积过程中的变化曲线
Figure 9. Variation curve of fragment quantity during landslide failure and deposition process
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图 10 滑体破坏与堆积过程双参数Weibull破碎体粒径百分含量分布曲线拟合曲线
Figure 10. Dual-parameter Weibull distribution fitting curve of particle size percentage content distribution in landslide failure and deposition process
表 1 马达岭砂岩物理力学性质室内试验结果
Table 1 Laboratory experiment results of mechanical properties of sandstone at Madaling
指标 σt/MPa σc/MPa E/GPa μ c/MPa φ/（°） ρ/（g·cm−3） 数值 0.91 80 15.59 0.19 28.02 42.08 2.63 
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表 2 PFC标定数值模拟微观参数
Table 2 Micromechanical parameters for numerical simulation calibrated from PFC
材料参数 取值 材料参数 取值 颗粒密度（ρ）/（kg·m−3） 2630 胶结法向切向刚度比（ 1.0 颗粒有效模量（E*）/（N·m−2） 1.7e10 胶结抗拉强度（pb_ten）/（N·m−2） 7.2e8 法向切向刚度比（κ*） 1.0 胶结黏聚力（pb_coh ）/（N·m−2） 3.5e8 胶结有效模量（ 3.9e7 胶结内摩擦角（pb_fa）/（°） 40
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