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湖北应城石膏矿区地面塌陷发育规律及成因机制分析

晏智伟 苏昌 张国栋 徐志华 杨晓红 张晨 盛灿

晏智伟,苏昌,张国栋,等. 湖北应城石膏矿区地面塌陷发育规律及成因机制分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2023,34(0): 1-8 doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202307031
引用本文: 晏智伟,苏昌,张国栋,等. 湖北应城石膏矿区地面塌陷发育规律及成因机制分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2023,34(0): 1-8 doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202307031
YAN Zhiwei,SU Chang,ZHANG Guodong,et al. Analysis on the Distribution and Formation Mechanism of Ground Collapse in Gypsum Mining Area in Yingcheng of Hubei province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2023,34(0): 1-8 doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202307031
Citation: YAN Zhiwei,SU Chang,ZHANG Guodong,et al. Analysis on the Distribution and Formation Mechanism of Ground Collapse in Gypsum Mining Area in Yingcheng of Hubei province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2023,34(0): 1-8 doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202307031

湖北应城石膏矿区地面塌陷发育规律及成因机制分析

doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202307031
基金项目: 应城市膏盐矿区地面塌陷成因机制及防控技术研究(KJ2022-23);应城市膏盐矿区地面塌陷及地面沉降地质灾害勘查(鄂地质环境[2019]1号)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    晏智伟(1996-),男,江西鹰潭,硕士研究生,助理工程师,主要从事地质灾害防治、调查评价与地质环境保护等工作。E-mail:1768607167@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    苏 昌(1980-),男,湖北钟祥,硕士研究生,正高级工程师,主要从事地质灾害调查评价与监测预警等相关工作。E-mail:82925492@qq.com

Analysis on the Distribution and Formation Mechanism of Ground Collapse in Gypsum Mining Area in Yingcheng of Hubei province

  • 摘要: 石膏矿区地面塌陷地质灾害对道路、管道等基础设施及居民生命财产和矿区安全生产具有重要的影响,湖北应城石膏矿距今有近400年的开采历史,长期地下开采形成了较大范围的采空区。在系统收集矿区前期资料和补充调(勘)查的基础上,采取多因子综合分析和地质分析法,分析了地面塌陷类型及发育分布规律,基于“三带”理论,对老窿型和采空型地面塌陷的成因机制进行了分析。研究表明,应城石膏矿地面塌陷主要为小-中型,地面塌陷地质灾害分为采空型和老窿型。采空型地面塌陷主要包含矿柱破坏型和弯曲沉降型两种类型,矿柱破坏型主要为房柱法开采导致矿柱和顶板的破坏垮落,弯曲沉降型主要为长壁式充填法开采充填率不足导致顶板垮落。采空型地面塌陷的主要控制因素为采空区充填情况和采深采厚比,当采深采厚比小于60时,地表多发育塌陷现象,而随着采深采厚比的增大,采空区地面塌陷逐渐减少;老窿型地面塌陷变形程度取决于老窿是否与规模化采空区连通及是否充水。研究成果为石膏矿风险管理、安全评估、监测预警体系构建等具有指导意义。
  • 图  1  矿区地形地貌及矿区分布图

    Figure  1.  The distribution map of landforms in the mining area

    图  2  应城市石膏矿膏组成矿特征

    Figure  2.  The characteristics of gypsum composition in Yingcheng City

    图  3  应城市膏矿区塌陷规模等级分布图及典型塌陷坑

    Figure  3.  The grade distribution and typical collapse pit in the mining area in Yingcheng City

    图  4  地面塌陷与老窿及采空区空间分布

    Figure  4.  The spatial distribution of collapse and old holes and goaf

    图  5  采空型地面塌陷与采深采厚比分布图

    Figure  5.  The distribution of ground collapse and mining depth to thickness ratio

    图  6  充水型老窿型地面塌陷成因示意图

    Figure  6.  The genetic diagram of ground collapse with water filled old holes

    图  7  不充水型老窿型地面塌陷成因示意图

    Figure  7.  The genetic diagram of ground collapse with water unfilled old holes

    图  8  新建街社区三矿2号地面塌陷

    Figure  8.  The ground collapse No.2 in XIN JIAN street community

    图  9  矿柱破坏型采空塌陷成因机制

    Figure  9.  The formation mechanism of goaf collapse caused by pillar failure

    图  10  弯曲沉降型采空塌陷成因机制

    Figure  10.  The formation mechanism of bending goaf collapse

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  • 收稿日期:  2023-07-23
  • 录用日期:  2023-10-23
  • 修回日期:  2023-10-20
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-11-05

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