ISSN 1003-8035 CN 11-2852/P
    段雯超,胡卸文,何坤,等. 松林区火烧迹地土壤斥水性影响因素研究[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2024,35(0): 1-10. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202403037
    引用本文: 段雯超,胡卸文,何坤,等. 松林区火烧迹地土壤斥水性影响因素研究[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2024,35(0): 1-10. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202403037
    DUAN Wenchao,HU Xiewen,HE Kun,et al. Study of factors influencing soil water repellency under simulated forest fire[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2024,35(0): 1-10. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202403037
    Citation: DUAN Wenchao,HU Xiewen,HE Kun,et al. Study of factors influencing soil water repellency under simulated forest fire[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2024,35(0): 1-10. DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202403037

    松林区火烧迹地土壤斥水性影响因素研究

    Study of factors influencing soil water repellency under simulated forest fire

    • 摘要: 云南松作为西南山区主要树种,富含树脂易引发森林火灾,林火后火烧迹地土壤通常会产生斥水性,导致火烧区地表径流和侵蚀加剧,最终诱发火后泥石流。为探究土壤斥水性影响因素及形成机制,以四川省冕宁县腊窝乡松林区未火烧土壤为研究对象,采用室内模拟火烧试验,考虑松脂含量、土壤角砾含量、初始有机质含量、加热温度和加热时间等因素设计正交试验,利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析土壤化学元素和微观结构变化,研究林火对土壤斥水性的影响。结果表明,林火后各因素对土壤斥水性影响程度排序为:初始有机质含量>加热温度>加热时间>松脂含量>角砾含量,初始有机质含量、加热温度对土壤斥水性的影响极显著,加热时间、松脂含量影响显著,角砾含量影响不显著。各因素均能引起土壤中有机化合物变化,进而影响土壤斥水性。具体表现为,适度火烧后(温度≤400 °C)土壤中有机质化合物发生化学变化,形成致密的疏水有机质薄膜,覆盖于矿物颗粒表面并充填于颗粒间隙,导致土壤斥水性增强。而过度火烧(温度> 400 °C)导致有机质被消耗,土壤微团聚体结构被破坏,矿物颗粒呈松散堆叠状态,土壤斥水性减小。研究结果可为松林区火烧迹地土壤侵蚀模式和火后泥石流形成机制提供依据。

       

      Abstract: Yunnan pine, as the prominent arboreal species in the southwestern mountains, exhibits abundant resin content and displays susceptibility to forest fires. Soil in fire-affected areas typically exhibits water repellency after a forest fire, leading to increased surface runoff and erosion within the affected area, ultimately triggering post-fire debris flows. In order to investigate the influencing factors and formation mechanism of soil water repellency, unburned soils in the pine forest vegetation area of Lawo Township, Mianning County, Sichuan Province was selected as the research project. Indoor simulated fire experiment were conducted, and orthogonal experiments were designed considering factors such as turpentine content, soil debris content, initial organic content, heating temperature, and heating period. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze changes in chemical elements and microstructure, studying the impact of forest fires on soil water repellency. The results showed that the degree of influence of various factors on soil water repellency was ranked as follows: initial organic matter content, heating temperature, heating period, pine resin content, and debris content. The initial organic matter content and heating temperature on soil water repellency was highly significant, while heating time and pine resin content was significant, and debris content had no significant impact. All factors could cause changes in organic compounds in the soil, thereby affecting soil water repellency. Specifically, after moderate burning (temperature ≤ 400 °C), organic compounds in the soil underwent chemical changes, forming dense hydrophobic organic matter films covering the surface of mineral particles and filling the interstitial space of the particles, resulting in enhanced soil water repellency. Excessive burning (temperature > 400 °C) resulted in the consumption of organic matter, the destruction of soil microaggregate structure, loose stacking of mineral particles, and a decrease in soil water repellency. The research results can provide a basis for the soil erosion pattern of soil in pine forest fire-affected areas and the formation mechanism of post-fire debris flows.

       

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