Open-pit mine soft rock slope internal row tracking pressure side control engineering：A case study at the south side of the first mining area of Hesigewula south open-pit coal mine
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摘要:
软岩露天煤矿实现安全高效开采的重点是边坡稳定。为解决露天矿顺倾软岩边坡稳定性治理难题，在分析边坡稳定性主控因素的基础上，提出了露天矿顺倾软岩边坡内排追踪压帮治理工程。以贺斯格乌拉南露天煤矿首采区南帮为工程背景，兼顾采场与内排土场边坡稳定性，采用极限平衡法和数值模拟相结合的手段，设计了采场边坡的空间形态，提出了采场与内排土场边坡协同治理方案，可最大限度地安全回收边坡压覆煤炭资源。研究结果表明：弱层暴露长度是露天矿顺倾软岩边坡稳定性的主控因素，控制采场与内排土场间的追踪距离是改善边坡稳定性的有效途径；随着追踪距离的增加，边坡破坏模式从以圆弧为侧界面、弱层为底界面的切层-顺层-剪出滑动逐渐过渡为以圆弧为侧界面、弱层为底界面的切层-顺层滑动，边坡稳定性逐渐下降；内排土场及其与采场构成的复合边坡稳定性随破坏底板弱层回填岩石范围的增大呈指数函数规律提高；贺斯格乌拉南露天煤矿首采区南帮浅部边坡留设40 m运输平盘、15 m保安平盘，底帮深部边坡角29°，追踪距离控制在50 m之内时可满足安全要求；内排土场基底弱层完全破坏并回填岩石倾向长度60 m时可满足安全要求。研究成果为软岩露天煤矿边坡稳定性治理提供了新思路。
Abstract:Slope stability control is crucial for safe and efficient coal mining in open-pit mines with soft rock. To address the challenge of stabilizing dip soft rock slope rock slopes, the treatment engineering of inner row tracking pressure side of dip soft rock slope in open-pit mine is proposed based on the analysis of the main controlling factors of slope stability. This study takes the south side of the first mining area of Hesigewula south open-pit coal mine as the engineering background and proposes a synergistic treatment scheme for the slope stability of the stope and inner dump, utilizing the combination of limit equilibrium method and numerical simulation to design the spatial form of the stope slope. This treatment scheme maximizes the safe recovery of the coal resources covered by the slope. The research results indicate that the length of exposed weak layer is the primary controlling factor of the stability in inclined soft rock slopes in open-pit mines. Controlling the tracking distance between the stope and the inner dump is an effective way to improve slope stability. With an increase in tracking distance, the slope damage mode transitions from the cut-layer-sublayer-shear-out sliding with an arc as the side interface and the weak layer as the bottom interface to cut-layer-sublayer sliding with an arc as the side interface and weak layer as the bottom interface, leading to a gradual decrease in slope stability. Moreover, the stability of the inner dump and its composite slope with the stope increases exponentially with an increase in the backfill rock range of the weak layer of the failure floor. The study sets the shallow slope of the south slope of the first mining area of Hesigewula coal mine to be 40 m transportation flat and 15 m security flat, and the deep slope angle of the bottom slope is 29°. When the tracking distance is controlled within 50 m, it can meet the safety requirements. When the weak layer of the inner dump base is destroyed, and the inclined length of the backfill rock is 60 m, it can also meet the safety requirements. The study provides new insights into slope stability control in soft rock open-pit coal mines.
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Keywords:
- open-pit coal mine /
- downdip soft rock /
- inner row tracking /
- pressure governance /
- spatial form /
- slope stability
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图 2 浅层边二维坡稳定性计算结果
Figure 2. Calculation results of two-dimensional slope stability of the shallow side
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图 5 追踪距离与边坡稳定系数的关系曲线
Figure 5. Relationship curve between tracking distance and slope stability coefficient
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图 6 3-1煤层内排基底不同处理方式下边坡稳定性计算结果
Figure 6. Calculation results of slope stability under different treatment methods of inner row basement (3-1)
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图 7 3-4煤层内排基底不同处理方式下边坡稳定性计算结果
Figure 7. Calculation results of slope stability under different treatment methods of inner row basement (3-4)
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图 8 边坡稳定性与破坏弱层回填岩石范围关系曲线
Figure 8. Relationship curve between slope stability and the extent of backfill rocks in the weak layer
表 1 岩土体物理力学指标
Table 1 Physical and mechanical parameters of rock mass
岩体名称 内摩擦角/（°） 黏聚力/kPa 容重/（kN·m−3） 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 砂岩 26.00 65 19.6 35 0.42 粉质黏土 14.06 22 19.8 46 0.38 煤 29.00 85 12.1 40 0.35 泥岩 20.00 40 19.4 75 0.36 排弃物 14.49 20 19.0 60 0.40 弱层 6.00 0 19.1 20 0.42 回填岩石 20.00 40 19.0 − − 
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