西藏色东普沟2024年两期冰川泥石流堵江灾害发育特征研究

万佳威; 高浩源; 高杨; 肖金城; 李军; 李江山; 李浩文

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202410027

西藏色东普沟2024年两期冰川泥石流堵江灾害发育特征研究

万佳威^{1, 2,},
高浩源^{1, 2},
高杨^{1, 2},
肖金城³,
李军^{1, 2},
李江山^{1, 2},
李浩文^{1, 2}

1.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所，北京　100081
2.
自然资源部活动构造与地质安全重点实验室，北京　100081
3.
中测新图（北京）遥感技术有限责任公司，北京　100039

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3004301）；国家自然科学基金项目（U2244226；42407280；U2244227）；中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20230538）

详细信息

作者简介:
万佳威（1991—），男，江西南昌人，地质工程专业，博士，助理研究员，主要从事工程地质与地质灾害研究。E-mail：wanjiawei@qq.com

中图分类号: P642.23
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-21
- 修回日期: 2024-11-26
- 录用日期: 2024-12-01
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-24

Research on the characteristics of the Sedongpu glacial debris flow and river-damming hazards, occurred in April 15 and May 14, 2014, in Xizang, China

Jiawei WAN^{1, 2,},
Haoyuan GAO^{1, 2},
Yang GAO^{1, 2},
Jincheng XIAO³,
Jun LI^{1, 2},
Jiangshan LI^{1, 2},
Haowen LI^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing　100081, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing　100081, China
3.
China TopRS Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing　100039, China

摘要

摘要:
色东普沟位于西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷，是特大堵江链式灾害的频发区，严重威胁着边疆建设的地质安全。文章主要针对2024年4月15日和5月14日两次堵江灾害事件开展详细研究，全面分析了灾害形成过程、主要成因和发展趋势。通过水位监测、地震动监测、直升机调查、高原无人机航测等方法，识别和分析了两次堵江灾害的形成发展过程，发现灾害运动时间可达8 min，堵江成坝时间大于10 h，第二次灾害相对更为严重，形成的堰塞湖未完全溃决，严重加剧了雅鲁藏布江干流河道的淤堵。从地形和地质条件、地震因素、气候因素等方面对灾害成因进行了分析，发现色东普沟地形高差大、岩体结构破碎、沟道内巨厚层松散堆积体物源丰富，为灾害形成提供了有利条件，而春夏交替过程中的气温上升导致冰川消融加快和水动力作用增强，触发了堵江灾害链的发生。通过综合遥感数据解译，发现色东普沟已进入堵江灾害链活跃期，2018年特大堵江灾害造成了雅鲁藏布江河流地貌发生巨大改变，而之后至今的大规模堵江事件导致河道淤积更加严重，形成巨型堰塞坝体的风险不断增大。最后，文章针对色东普沟高位远程灾害堵江溃决、监测预警、减灾措施等方面提出了建议。
- 色东普沟 /
- 冰川泥石流 /
- 形成过程 /
- 灾害成因 /
- 发展趋势
Abstract:
Sedongpu gully, situated in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon in Xizang, is an area of frequent massive river-damming landslides that threaten the geological safety of border towns and major engineering projects. This study focused on a detailed analysis of two river-damming events that occurred on April 15 and May 14, 2024. The disaster formation processes, main causes, and developing trends were widely analyzed. From the methods of water level monitoring, ground motion monitoring, investigating by helicopter, and survey by high-altitude and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, the formation and development processes of these river-damming events were identified and analyzed. It was found that the disaster body slid along the gully reached 8 minutes and the river-damming lasted over 10 hours. The second disaster was relatively more serious because the landslide-dammed lake had not completely burst, which significantly aggravated the damming of the main channel of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Their causes were examined from topographical and geological conditions, seismic factors, and climate factors. It was determined that the Sedongpu gully has large height differences, fractured rock structures, and a rich source of loose deposits, which provides favorable conditions for disaster formation; the temperature rising during the alternation of the spring and summer leads to the acceleration of glacier melting and the enhancement of hydrodynamic effect, triggering the occurrence of river-damming disaster chain. Furthermore, it is believed that Sedongpu gully has entered an active period of river-damming disaster chain, based on the interpretation of the comprehensive remote sensing images. Our findings revealed that the major river-damming hazards that occurred in 2018 had caused significant changes to the river morphology of the Yarlung Zangbo River; subsequent large-scale river-damming events resulted in more and more clogged up with the river channel, which increased the risk of forming a giant landslide dam. Finally, this paper provided some suggestions for addressing the issues related to river damming, rising water, outburst flooding, monitoring, early warning, and disaster reduction measures for the high-altitude and long runout disasters in the Sedongpu gully.
- Sedongpu gully /
- glacial debris flow /
- evolutional process /
- causes /
- developing trend

HTML全文

图 1 色东普沟无人机航测影像

注：a为色东普沟全貌；b为高位碎裂冰岩体；c为巨厚冰碛物松散体；d为雅鲁藏布江干流壅塞。

Figure 1. Sedongpu gully images obtained by unmanned aerial vehicles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 色东普沟2024年“4•15”与“5•14”两次堵江灾害加拉村水位变化

Figure 2. Water level fluctuations during the two Sedongpu-river damming hazards on April 15 and May 14, 2024, from the Jiala village station

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 色东普沟“5•14”堵江灾害达林村地震动监测信号

注：a为监测站位置；b为监测站照片；c为速度时程图。

Figure 3. Ground motion signals created by the Sedongpu river-damming hazard on May 14 from the Dalin Village Station

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 色东普沟“5•14”灾害情况（5月15日拍摄）

注：a为直升机调查照片；b为无人机航空摄影。

Figure 4. Scenes of the Sedongpu river-damming hazard since May 14, obtained on May 15

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 色东普沟口气温变化

Figure 5. Temperature variations at the mouth of the Sedongpu gully

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 色东普堰塞堆积区时序变化影像

Figure 6. Time-series images of the depositional area of the Sedongpu gully

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 色东普沟堰塞堆积区地形变化剖面

Figure 7. Section shows the topographic changes in the depositional area of the Sedongpu gully

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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