基于室内试验的不同倾角软硬组合岩体破裂演化过程分析

赵娜; 孟利新; 缪海宾; 张怡斌; 王来贵

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202203036

基于室内试验的不同倾角软硬组合岩体破裂演化过程分析

doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202203036

赵娜^{1, 2,},
孟利新¹,
缪海宾²,
张怡斌¹,
王来贵¹

1.
辽宁工程技术大学力学与工程学院，辽宁阜新　123000
2.
中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司煤矿安全科学技术国家重点实验室，辽宁沈抚示范区　113122

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2017YFC1503101）；辽宁省重点科技创新基地联合开放基金项目（2020-KF-13-06）；辽宁省教育厅资助项目（LJ2020JCL013）。

详细信息

作者简介:
赵娜：赵　娜（1979-），女，河北衡水人，博士，副教授，从事岩体力学及岩层控制方面研究。Email：zhaona24@163.com

中图分类号: TU45
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出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-16

Experimental analysis of failure process in soft-hard combined rock masses at different inclination angles

1.
College of Mechanics and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxim　123000, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Shenyang Research Institude, Shenfu Demonstration Zone　113122, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究软岩倾角对组合岩体破裂演化过程的影响，论文通过对不同软岩倾角组合岩体进行单轴压缩实验，采用数字散斑和声发射方法作为观测手段，探究含不同软岩倾角组合岩体的破裂演化过程，分析组合岩体力学性能随角度的变化规律，得出含不同倾角软硬组合岩体的破裂模式。结果表明：软硬组合岩体破坏是岩体内部发生损伤，在软岩周围开始出现裂纹，并沿着软岩层及周围扩展、贯通破裂的动态演化过程。组合岩体的变形破坏过程仍表现为原始裂隙压密、弹性变形、塑性变形及破坏四个阶段；随着软岩倾角的增大，岩体的压密阶段逐渐增大，弹性模量逐渐减小，抗压强度越来越小；当软岩倾角θ=0°、15°时，岩体破裂表现为软硬组合岩体组合破裂，当软岩倾角θ=30°、45°时，岩体破裂主要发生在软岩区域，岩体的破坏形式由贯穿软岩层剪切破坏转变为沿软岩层滑移剪切破坏，可见软岩层倾角越大，岩体越容易发生失稳破坏。论文可为含软硬组合岩体工程的长期稳定性分析及复杂层状组合岩体的力学行为研究提供参考。
- 软硬组合 /
- 裂纹演化 /
- 数字散斑 /
- 声发射 /
- 单轴压缩
Abstract: In order to investigate the influence of the inclination angle of soft rocks on the evolution process of composite rock mass rupture, this paper conducted uniaxial compression experiments on composite rock masses with different inclination angles of soft rock. Digital speckle and acoustic emission methods were used as observation tools to explore the combined effects of different soft rock dip angles. The fracture evolution process of the rock mass was analyzed, and the change in mechanical properties of the composite rock mass with angle was studied. The fracture mode of the soft and hard composite rock mass with different inclination angles was obtained. The results show that the deformation and failure of the composite rock mass is a dynamic evolution process in which damage occurs inside the rock mass, with cracks appearing around the soft rock, and extend along and around the soft rock layer, eventually penetrating through the fracture. The deformation and failure process of the combined rock mass is manifested in four stages: original fissure compaction, elastic deformation, plastic deformation and failure. With an increase of the inclination angle of soft rocks, the compaction stage of the rock mass gradually increased, and the elastic modulus gradually decreased. When the inclination angle of soft rock is θ=0° or 15°, the rock mass rupture appears as a combination of soft and hard rock mass failure. When the inclination angle of soft rock is θ=30°or 45°, the rock mass failure mainly occurs in the soft rock area, and the form of rock mass changes from shear failure penetrating the soft rock layer to sliding shear failure along the soft rock layer. The greater the inclination angle of the soft rock layer, the more likely the rock mass is to undergo unstable failure. This study provides a reference for the long-term stability analysis of rock mass engineering containing soft and hard composites and the mechanical behavior of complex layered composite rock mass.
- soft-hard combination /
- crack evolution /
- digital speckle /
- acoustic emission /
- uniaxial compression

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图 1 矿山边坡软硬层状岩体

Figure 1. Soft-hard layered combined rock mass at the mining slope

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图 2 不同倾角软硬组合岩体模型图

Figure 2. Model diagram of soft and hard combined rock masses with different inclination angles

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图 3 软硬组合岩体试件

Figure 3. Soft-hard combined rock mass specimen

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图 4 实验系统示意图

Figure 4. schematic diagram of the experimental system

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图 5 电荷传感器分布图

Figure 5. Distribution of charge sensors along specimen surface

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图 6 喷漆后的试样散斑场（θ=30°，h=20mm）

Figure 6. Speckle field of specimen after painting （θ=30°, h=20mm）

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图 7 不同倾角组合岩体的应力-应变曲线

Figure 7. Stress-strain curves of combined rock masses with different inclination angles

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图 8 不同倾角组合岩体弹性模量、抗压强度变化曲线

Figure 8. Variation curves of Elastic Modulus and Compressive Strength of rock mass with different inclination angles

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图 9 应力-累计振铃计数-时间关系曲线

Figure 9. Stress-cumulative ringing count-time relationship curve

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图 10 岩体表面竖直方向应变演化云图

Figure 10. Cloud map of vertical strain evolution on rock mass surface

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图 11 岩体内部三维破裂点标识图

Figure 11. Three-dimensional distribution map of fracture points inside the rock mass

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图 12 不同倾角组合岩体应力-累计振铃计数-时间关系曲线

Figure 12. Stress-cumulative ringing count-time relationship curve with different inclination angles

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图 13 不同倾角组合岩体三维破裂点示意图

Figure 13. Three-dimensional distribution map of fracture points inside the rock mass with different inclination angles

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图 14 不同倾角组合岩体水平方向应变演化云图

Figure 14. Cloud map of horizontal strain evolution on rock mass surface with different inclination angles

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图 15 不同倾角组合岩体竖直方向应变演化云图Fig. Cloud map of vertical strain evolution on rock mass surface withdifferent inclination angles

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图 16 含不同倾角组合岩体单轴压缩破坏形态

Figure 16. Uniaxial compression failure mode of combined rock mass with different inclination angles

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表 1 试验方案

Table 1. Summary of test plan

组名	软岩角度θ/°	软岩厚度h/mm	数量
Q0	0	20	3
Q15	15	20	3
Q30	30	20	3
Q45	45	20	3

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表 2 不同倾角组合岩体单轴压缩实验结果

Table 2. Experimental results of uniaxial compression of rock masses with different inclination angles of the weak layers

标号	密度/（g.cm⁻³）	均值	弹性模量/GPa	均值	峰值应变/%	均值	抗压强度/MPa	均值
Q0-1	2.42	2.40	2.96	2.94	1.64	1.46	29.50	27.53
Q0-2	2.41		2.99		1.53		26.50
Q0-3	2.36		2.86		1.21		26.59
Q15-1	2.38	2.38	2.86	2.80	1.54	1.51	25.07	25.62
Q15-2	2.41		3.00		1.69		26.95
Q15-3	2.35		2.55		1.30		24.83
Q30-1	2.42	2.39	2.91	2.76	1.57	1.32	18.75	19.42
Q30-2	2.38		2.84		1.26		19.89
Q30-3	2.37		2.54		1.12		19.62
Q45-1	2.28	2.28	2.40	2.39	0.97	1.00	16.99	16.75
Q45-2	2.27		2.39		1.05		16.07
Q45-3	2.28		2.37		0.99		17.02

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