四川天全县白果树沟“7·15”泥石流成灾机理

黄光林; 胡卸文; 席传杰; 周瑞宸; 何坤

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202303011

四川天全县白果树沟“7·15”泥石流成灾机理

doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202303011

黄光林^1,,
胡卸文^{1, 2, ,},
席传杰¹,
周瑞宸¹,
何坤¹

1.
西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院, 四川成都　610031
2.
高速铁路运营安全空间信息技术国家地方联合工程试验室（西南交通大学），四川成都　610031

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2018YCF1505401）；国家自然科学基金项目（41731285）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄光林（1998-），男，四川西昌人，硕士研究生，主要从事工程地质、地质灾害方面的研究。E-mail：huanglinsa2022@163.com

通讯作者:
胡卸文（1963-），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事工程地质、环境地质方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail：huxiewen@163.com

中图分类号: P642.23
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-07
- 录用日期: 2023-06-27
- 修回日期: 2023-04-17
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-30

Mechanism of the “7·15” debris flow in Baiguoshu gully, Tianquan County, Sichuan Province

1.
Faculty of Geosciences and Environment Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan　610031. China
2.
State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-Speed Railway Safety （Southwest Jiaotong University）, Chengdu, Sichuan　610031, China

摘要

摘要: 相较于宽缓沟道型泥石流，小流域窄陡沟道型泥石流具有更高的隐蔽性和突发性，揭示此类灾害成灾机理无疑对工程治理及灾害预防具有重要意义。本文以发生在四川省天全县白果树沟2021年“7·15”突发性泥石流为例，借助野外调查、无人机航测与RAMMS流体动力学模拟，揭示了此次泥石流的成灾过程。结果表明：白果树沟泥石流是累计前期降雨和短时强降雨共同作用的结果，其起动源于上游饱水物源被山洪揭底，而沿途侧蚀冲刷沟岸形成的滑坡为泥石流提供了物源补给，沟内局部堵溃后又进一步放大流量、导致沟口成灾，淤埋雅康高速公路路面。从发展趋势看，白果树沟现阶段物源丰富，水动力条件良好，仍存在暴发泥石流的可能性。
- 窄陡沟道型泥石流 /
- 小流域 /
- 成灾机理 /
- RAMMS
Abstract: Compared to wide-gentle debris flows, narrow-steep gully debris flow in small watersheds are characterized by their invisible and sudden nature. Therefore, understanding the mechanism behind such disasters are crucial for engineering management and disaster prevention. This paper presents a case study of the “7·15” debris flow that occurred in Baiguoshu gully, Tianquan County, Sichuan Province in 2021. The process of this debris flow was thoroughly investigated through field surveys, aerial photography, and hydrodynamic simulations using RAMMS. The findings revealed that Baiguoshu gully debris flow was triggered by the cumulative antecedent rainfall and short-term heavy rainfall. The mobilized materials during the “7·15” debris flow consisted of saturated materials upstream that were eroded by floods, as well as landslides triggered by bank erosion along the gully. Subsequently, the amplification of flow discharge caused by blockages and bursting in the main channel resulted in a disaster at the gully outlet and the buried of the Yakang Expressway. The Baiguoshu gully is prone to debris flow occurrences due to the abundance of source materials and favorable hydrodynamic conditions.
- Narrow-steep gully debris flow /
- small watershed area /
- disaster mechanism /
- RAMMS

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图 1 研究区概况图

Figure 1. Overview location map of the study area

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图 2 主沟纵剖面图

Figure 2. Cross-sectional profile of the main gully

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图 3 “7·15”泥石流前后降雨数据

Figure 3. Rainfall data before and after the “7·15” debris flow

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图 4 白果树沟物源分布图

Figure 4. Distribution map of sediment sources in Baiguoshu gully

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图 5 泥石流淤埋高速公路（镜向NW）

Figure 5. Debris flow Burial of the expressway（photo facing NW）

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图 6 “7·15”泥石流成灾机理图

Figure 6. Mechanism diagram of the “7·15” debris flow disaster

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图 7 “7·15”泥石流不同时刻泥深特征

Figure 7. Characteristics of mud depth at different time periods during the “7·15” debris flow

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图 8 “7·15”泥石流不同时刻流速特征

Figure 8. Characteristics of flow velocity at different time periods during the “7·15” debris flow

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图 9 “7·15”泥石流模拟及实际堆积范围对比

Figure 9. Comparison of simulation and actual deposition range of the “7·15” debris flow

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表 1 白果树沟松散物源统计表

Table 1. Statistical table of loose sediment sources in Baiguoshu gully

物源名称	静储量/（万m³）	动储量/（万m³）	基本特点
崩滑物源	64.9	6.6	各种规模数量达29处，主要分布于主、支沟沟岸边坡
沟道物源	7.8	0.6	沿沟道分布的早期或新近泥石流堆积体
坡面物源	50.5	2.0	因植被砍伐裸露的松散堆积体
总计	123.2	9.2

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